Gluconeogenesis + regulation

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What is the first step in the process of Gluconeogenesis?

Conversion of Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate in the cytoplasm (correct)

Conversion of Acetyl CoA to Pyruvate in the mitochondria

Conversion of Oxaloacetate to Malate in the mitochondria

Conversion of Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to Fructose-6-Phosphate in the cytoplasm

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of Oxaloacetate to Phosphoenolpyruvate in Gluconeogenesis?

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (correct)

Pyruvate carboxylase

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

What is the final product formed after the conversion of Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate in Gluconeogenesis?

Pyruvate

Fructose-6-Phosphate (correct)

Glucose

Glucose-6-Phosphate

Why is Malate produced during Gluconeogenesis converted back into Oxaloacetate?

To regenerate Oxaloacetate for further reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is responsible for activating the enzymes involved in Gluconeogenesis?

GTP Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of pyruvate carboxylase in gluconeogenesis?

It converts Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate. Signup and view all the answers

How is Malate transported out of the mitochondria during gluconeogenesis?

Malate exits the cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of Oxaloacetate to Phosphoenolpyruvate in gluconeogenesis?

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the final product formed after the conversion of Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate in gluconeogenesis?

Fructose-6-Phosphate. Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of Glucose-6-Phosphate to Glucose in gluconeogenesis?

Glucose-6-phosphatase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in the regulation of gluconeogenesis?

Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is a modulator that inhibits gluconeogenesis and favors glycolysis. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of the bifunctional enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase in gluconeogenesis regulation.

6-phosphofructo-2-kinase both forms and degrades Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, thereby controlling the balance between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Signup and view all the answers

How does glucagon influence gluconeogenesis?

Glucagon favors gluconeogenesis by promoting high ATP and low AMP levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of CAMP on gluconeogenesis regulation?

CAMP inhibits phosphofructokinase, promoting the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. Signup and view all the answers

How does Acetyl CoA influence gluconeogenesis?

Acetyl CoA stimulates pyruvate carboxylase, leading to the conversion of pyruvate into oxaloacetate. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of Protein Kinase A (PKA) in the regulation of gluconeogenesis.

PKA phosphorylates the bifunctional enzyme, activating Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase and inhibiting 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in the regulation of gluconeogenesis?

Promotes glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

How does citrate affect the regulation of gluconeogenesis?

Inhibits phosphofructokinase Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of high ATP levels and low AMP levels on gluconeogenesis?

Activates gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

How does Acetyl CoA influence the regulation of gluconeogenesis?

Stimulates pyruvate carboxylase Signup and view all the answers

What effect does glucagon have on the regulation of gluconeogenesis?