Podcast
Questions and Answers
What hormone levels should be monitored in patients with hypogonadism?
What hormone levels should be monitored in patients with hypogonadism?
- Adrenaline, insulin, glucagon, and thyroxine
- Testosterone, estrogen, insulin, and glucagon
- FSH, LH, testosterone, and estrogen (correct)
- PTH, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium
How often should patients on chelation therapy have their hormone levels monitored?
How often should patients on chelation therapy have their hormone levels monitored?
- Every 12 months
- Every 24 months
- Every month (correct)
- Every 2 weeks
What test is used to diagnose diabetes mellitus?
What test is used to diagnose diabetes mellitus?
- Electrolyte panel
- Liver function test
- Fasting glucose or oral glucose tolerance test (correct)
- Complete blood count
What is the recommended frequency for performing liver MRI in patients with frequent transfusions or high serum ferritin levels?
What is the recommended frequency for performing liver MRI in patients with frequent transfusions or high serum ferritin levels?
What is the recommended frequency for performing cardiac MRI in patients with iron overload?
What is the recommended frequency for performing cardiac MRI in patients with iron overload?
What hormone levels should be monitored in patients with hypothyroidism?
What hormone levels should be monitored in patients with hypothyroidism?
What is the recommended frequency for performing hormone assessments in patients not receiving iron chelation therapy?
What is the recommended frequency for performing hormone assessments in patients not receiving iron chelation therapy?
What is the recommended frequency for performing hormone assessments in patients receiving iron chelation therapy?
What is the recommended frequency for performing hormone assessments in patients receiving iron chelation therapy?
What is the recommended frequency for performing exams in patients with evidence of iron overload?
What is the recommended frequency for performing exams in patients with evidence of iron overload?
What electrolytes should be monitored in patients with hypoparathyroidism?
What electrolytes should be monitored in patients with hypoparathyroidism?
What is the primary purpose of monitoring adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia from the time of diagnosis?
What is the primary purpose of monitoring adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia from the time of diagnosis?
What is recommended to be performed at every visit (Q3 months) for adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is recommended to be performed at every visit (Q3 months) for adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
Which specialist should a patient with abnormal assessments be referred to?
Which specialist should a patient with abnormal assessments be referred to?
What laboratory test is recommended to assess iron overload in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What laboratory test is recommended to assess iron overload in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What does an elevated TRV indicate?
What does an elevated TRV indicate?
What is recommended to assess cardiac function in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is recommended to assess cardiac function in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
Which of the following is a symptom of hemolytic crisis?
Which of the following is a symptom of hemolytic crisis?
What is recommended to assess osteoporosis and bone disease in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is recommended to assess osteoporosis and bone disease in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is the frequency of routine assessments recommended for adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is the frequency of routine assessments recommended for adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is the purpose of referring a female to a reproductive endocrinologist?
What is the purpose of referring a female to a reproductive endocrinologist?
Which test is used to assess liver iron concentration?
Which test is used to assess liver iron concentration?
What is the purpose of collecting a baseline assessment for every patient with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is the purpose of collecting a baseline assessment for every patient with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is recommended to assess extramedullary hematopoiesis in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is recommended to assess extramedullary hematopoiesis in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is the purpose of monitoring for arrhythmias and abnormal Holter test results?
What is the purpose of monitoring for arrhythmias and abnormal Holter test results?
What is the complication that can commonly develop from infections resulting in fever?
What is the complication that can commonly develop from infections resulting in fever?
What is the purpose of performing a physical exam on adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is the purpose of performing a physical exam on adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
Which hormone is related to reproductive health?
Which hormone is related to reproductive health?
What is recommended to assess endocrinopathy in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is recommended to assess endocrinopathy in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is the name of the test used to assess bone health?
What is the name of the test used to assess bone health?
When should a patient be counseled on the risk of worsening anemia?
When should a patient be counseled on the risk of worsening anemia?
What is a potential complication of thrombocytosis following splenectomy?
What is a potential complication of thrombocytosis following splenectomy?
Why should patients with chronic, severe iron overload or hepatitis receive a baseline AFP, ultrasound, and FibroScan?
Why should patients with chronic, severe iron overload or hepatitis receive a baseline AFP, ultrasound, and FibroScan?
What is the recommended frequency for skin inspection in patients with leg ulcers?
What is the recommended frequency for skin inspection in patients with leg ulcers?
What is a common symptom of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
What is a common symptom of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
Why is annual screening for HCV, HBV, and HIV recommended in certain patients?
Why is annual screening for HCV, HBV, and HIV recommended in certain patients?
What is a common symptom of Pulmonary Embolism (PE)?
What is a common symptom of Pulmonary Embolism (PE)?
Why should patients with splenectomy follow vaccination recommendations?
Why should patients with splenectomy follow vaccination recommendations?
What is a common symptom of choledocholithiasis?
What is a common symptom of choledocholithiasis?
What is a recommended laboratory test for patients with clinical suspicion of liver dysfunction?
What is a recommended laboratory test for patients with clinical suspicion of liver dysfunction?
What guidelines should be referred to for infection risk and course of action during emergency-related febrile events in splenectomized individuals?
What guidelines should be referred to for infection risk and course of action during emergency-related febrile events in splenectomized individuals?
What hormones should be monitored in patients with hypogonadism?
What hormones should be monitored in patients with hypogonadism?
What test is used to diagnose hypothyroidism?
What test is used to diagnose hypothyroidism?
What electrolytes should be monitored in patients with hypoparathyroidism?
What electrolytes should be monitored in patients with hypoparathyroidism?
How often should liver MRI be performed in patients with frequent transfusions or high serum ferritin levels?
How often should liver MRI be performed in patients with frequent transfusions or high serum ferritin levels?
What is the recommended frequency for performing hormone assessments in patients on chelation therapy?
What is the recommended frequency for performing hormone assessments in patients on chelation therapy?
What is the recommended frequency for performing cardiac MRI in patients with iron overload?
What is the recommended frequency for performing cardiac MRI in patients with iron overload?
How often should patients on deferiprone have their iron levels monitored?
How often should patients on deferiprone have their iron levels monitored?
What is the recommended frequency for performing exams in patients with evidence of iron overload?
What is the recommended frequency for performing exams in patients with evidence of iron overload?
What is the recommended frequency for performing hormone assessments in patients not on chelation therapy?
What is the recommended frequency for performing hormone assessments in patients not on chelation therapy?
What is the primary purpose of monitoring adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia from the time of diagnosis?
What is the primary purpose of monitoring adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia from the time of diagnosis?
What should a patient be referred to when ECHO or MRI indicates low ejection fraction or evidence of diastolic dysfunction?
What should a patient be referred to when ECHO or MRI indicates low ejection fraction or evidence of diastolic dysfunction?
What should a patient be referred to when monitoring indicates abnormal hormone levels?
What should a patient be referred to when monitoring indicates abnormal hormone levels?
What is the purpose of performing a DEXA scan in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is the purpose of performing a DEXA scan in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What should a patient be referred to when monitoring indicates arrhythmias or abnormal Holter test results?
What should a patient be referred to when monitoring indicates arrhythmias or abnormal Holter test results?
What is the complication that can commonly develop from infections resulting in fever?
What is the complication that can commonly develop from infections resulting in fever?
What is the purpose of monitoring for hemolytic crisis?
What is the purpose of monitoring for hemolytic crisis?
What should a female patient be referred to when assessing for fertility and need for reproductive assistance?
What should a female patient be referred to when assessing for fertility and need for reproductive assistance?
What is the purpose of performing an ECHO in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is the purpose of performing an ECHO in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What should a patient be referred to when monitoring indicates evidence of pulmonary hypertension?
What should a patient be referred to when monitoring indicates evidence of pulmonary hypertension?
What is the purpose of monitoring for liver iron concentration?
What is the purpose of monitoring for liver iron concentration?
What is the recommended frequency of routine assessments for adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is the recommended frequency of routine assessments for adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What laboratory tests are recommended to assess iron overload in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What laboratory tests are recommended to assess iron overload in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What test is used to assess cardiac function in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What test is used to assess cardiac function in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is recommended to assess osteoporosis and bone disease in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is recommended to assess osteoporosis and bone disease in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is the purpose of collecting a baseline assessment for every patient with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is the purpose of collecting a baseline assessment for every patient with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is recommended to assess extramedullary hematopoiesis in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is recommended to assess extramedullary hematopoiesis in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
Why are patients with chronic, severe iron overload or hepatitis recommended to receive a baseline AFP, ultrasound, and FibroScan?
Why are patients with chronic, severe iron overload or hepatitis recommended to receive a baseline AFP, ultrasound, and FibroScan?
What is the purpose of monitoring for arrhythmias and abnormal Holter test results in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is the purpose of monitoring for arrhythmias and abnormal Holter test results in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
Why should patients with splenectomy follow vaccination recommendations?
Why should patients with splenectomy follow vaccination recommendations?
What is the recommended frequency of performing liver function tests (CMP) in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What is the recommended frequency of performing liver function tests (CMP) in adult patients with α- or β-thalassemia?
What steps should be taken regarding vaccinations for splenectomized individuals?
What steps should be taken regarding vaccinations for splenectomized individuals?
What symptoms should patients be counseled on regarding Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
What symptoms should patients be counseled on regarding Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?
What is the purpose of performing laboratory tests for liver function and imaging in patients with clinical suspicion of liver dysfunction?
What is the purpose of performing laboratory tests for liver function and imaging in patients with clinical suspicion of liver dysfunction?
Why should patients with chronic, severe iron overload or hepatitis receive a baseline AFP, ultrasound, and FibroScan?
Why should patients with chronic, severe iron overload or hepatitis receive a baseline AFP, ultrasound, and FibroScan?
What is the recommended frequency for performing skin inspection in patients with leg ulcers?
What is the recommended frequency for performing skin inspection in patients with leg ulcers?
Why is annual screening for HCV, HBV, and HIV recommended in certain patients?
Why is annual screening for HCV, HBV, and HIV recommended in certain patients?
What is a potential complication of thrombocytosis following splenectomy?
What is a potential complication of thrombocytosis following splenectomy?
What is a common symptom of choledocholithiasis?
What is a common symptom of choledocholithiasis?
What guidelines should be referred to for infection risk and course of action during emergency-related febrile events in splenectomized individuals?
What guidelines should be referred to for infection risk and course of action during emergency-related febrile events in splenectomized individuals?
What is a common symptom of Pulmonary Embolism (PE)?
What is a common symptom of Pulmonary Embolism (PE)?
Study Notes
Monitoring Recommendations for Adult Non-Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia Patients
- Assessment schedule is based on recommendations from leading physicians and Thalassaemia International Federation Guidelines.
- Monitoring allows healthcare providers to track disease progression over time.
Routine Assessments at Every Visit (Q3 Months)
- Medical history, including quality of life assessment.
- Physical exam.
- Laboratory tests:
- Complete blood count.
- Serum ferritin.
- Liver and kidney function test (CMP).
Monitoring for Listed Complications
- Extramedullary hematopoiesis:
- MRI C/T/L spine with contrast as clinically indicated.
- Splenomegaly:
- Physical exam/ultrasound.
- Iron overload:
- Liver MRI for LIC.
- Cardiac T2* MRI.
- Cardiac function:
- ECHO, including TRV.
- Holter or equivalent.
- Osteoporosis and bone disease:
- DEXA scan.
- 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
- Endocrinopathy:
- FSH, LH, testosterone, and estrogen.
- Hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism tests.
- Diabetes mellitus:
- Fasting glucose or oral glucose tolerance test.
Conditional Interventions Based on Findings
- Refer to a cardiologist if:
- ECHO or MRI indicates low ejection fraction, diastolic dysfunction, or pulmonary hypertension.
- Monitoring indicates arrhythmias or abnormal Holter test results.
- Refer to an endocrinologist or bone health specialist if:
- Monitoring indicates abnormal assessments.
- Refer females to a reproductive endocrinologist to assess for fertility and need for reproductive assistance.
Consider Additional Potential Complications
- Hemolytic crisis:
- Counsel patients on the risk of worsening anemia and its symptoms.
- Emergency management is required.
- Splenectomized individuals:
- Counsel on the risk of infections and follow vaccination recommendations.
- Thrombocytosis following splenectomy may contribute to thrombosis and vascular events.
- Thrombosis and vascular events:
- Counsel on classical symptoms of DVT and PE.
- Consider obtaining a baseline AFP, ultrasound, and FibroScan in patients with chronic, severe iron overload or hepatitis.
- Liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC:
- Counsel on risk and consider obtaining a baseline AFP, ultrasound, and FibroScan.
- Perform laboratory tests for liver function and imaging with clinical suspicion.
- Choledocholithiasis:
- Counsel on symptoms and perform laboratory tests for liver function and imaging with clinical suspicion.
- HCV, HBV, and HIV:
- Annual screening (serology and, if positive, PCR) in patients who have received blood transfusions in the previous 12 months.
- Leg ulcers:
- Perform skin inspection at every visit.
Monitoring Recommendations for Adult Non-Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia Patients
- Assessment schedule is based on recommendations from leading physicians and Thalassaemia International Federation Guidelines.
- Monitoring allows healthcare providers to track disease progression over time.
Routine Assessments at Every Visit (Q3 Months)
- Medical history, including quality of life assessment.
- Physical exam.
- Laboratory tests:
- Complete blood count.
- Serum ferritin.
- Liver and kidney function test (CMP).
Monitoring for Listed Complications
- Extramedullary hematopoiesis:
- MRI C/T/L spine with contrast as clinically indicated.
- Splenomegaly:
- Physical exam/ultrasound.
- Iron overload:
- Liver MRI for LIC.
- Cardiac T2* MRI.
- Cardiac function:
- ECHO, including TRV.
- Holter or equivalent.
- Osteoporosis and bone disease:
- DEXA scan.
- 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
- Endocrinopathy:
- FSH, LH, testosterone, and estrogen.
- Hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism tests.
- Diabetes mellitus:
- Fasting glucose or oral glucose tolerance test.
Conditional Interventions Based on Findings
- Refer to a cardiologist if:
- ECHO or MRI indicates low ejection fraction, diastolic dysfunction, or pulmonary hypertension.
- Monitoring indicates arrhythmias or abnormal Holter test results.
- Refer to an endocrinologist or bone health specialist if:
- Monitoring indicates abnormal assessments.
- Refer females to a reproductive endocrinologist to assess for fertility and need for reproductive assistance.
Consider Additional Potential Complications
- Hemolytic crisis:
- Counsel patients on the risk of worsening anemia and its symptoms.
- Emergency management is required.
- Splenectomized individuals:
- Counsel on the risk of infections and follow vaccination recommendations.
- Thrombocytosis following splenectomy may contribute to thrombosis and vascular events.
- Thrombosis and vascular events:
- Counsel on classical symptoms of DVT and PE.
- Consider obtaining a baseline AFP, ultrasound, and FibroScan in patients with chronic, severe iron overload or hepatitis.
- Liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC:
- Counsel on risk and consider obtaining a baseline AFP, ultrasound, and FibroScan.
- Perform laboratory tests for liver function and imaging with clinical suspicion.
- Choledocholithiasis:
- Counsel on symptoms and perform laboratory tests for liver function and imaging with clinical suspicion.
- HCV, HBV, and HIV:
- Annual screening (serology and, if positive, PCR) in patients who have received blood transfusions in the previous 12 months.
- Leg ulcers:
- Perform skin inspection at every visit.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz assesses knowledge on monitoring and assessment recommendations for adult non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. It covers routine assessments and laboratory tests necessary for disease management.
