16 Questions
What is the definition of a virus?
A tiny particle that contains nucleic acid encased in protein
How can viruses be seen even though they are so small?
By using an electron microscope that uses a beam of electrons
What is the characteristic of living things that viruses lack?
Being made up of cells
How do vaccines work?
By imitating an infection to engage the body's natural defenses
What is the term for a bacterial cell dividing into two identical daughter cells?
Binary Fission
What is the purpose of an endospore?
To protect bacteria from extreme heat or harsh conditions
What are antibiotics used for?
To kill harmful bacteria
What shape and configuration do bacteria names often indicate?
Shape and group
What is one way bacteria help the environment?
By helping to clean the environment
What are the three main parts of seed plants?
Roots, stems, and leaves
What is necessary for all plants to survive?
Soil, water, sunlight, air, and space
How do seedless plants reproduce?
Through spores
What is the process by which plants transport water from roots to leaves?
Capillary action and transpiration
What is the role of bacteria in the ecosystem?
To repopulate ecosystems after natural disasters
What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
How can you determine the age of a tree?
By counting by 2
Study Notes
Viruses
- A virus is a tiny particle that contains nucleic acid encased in protein.
- Viruses can be seen using an electron microscope, which uses a beam of electrons instead of light to detect objects.
- Viruses are nonliving because they are not made of cells, one of the main characteristics of living things.
Viruses and the World
- Vaccines work by imitating an infection to engage the body's natural defenses.
Bacteria
Structure of Bacteria
- Different bacteria shapes and groups include:
- Spherical (Cocci)
- Rod-shaped (Bacilli)
- Spiral-shaped (Spirilla)
- Comma-shaped (Vibrio)
- Be able to identify a bacteria's shape and configuration by its name.
Bacteria Life Functions
- Bacteria reproduce when conditions are right, such as:
- Plenty of food available
- Environment is favorable
- Bacteria reproduce by:
- Binary Fission – Cell division in which one cell splits into 2 identical daughter cells
- Budding – Asexual reproduction in which a small outgrowth of the parent develops into independent organisms
- An endospore is a protective covering that protects bacteria from extreme heat or other harsh conditions.
Bacteria and Humans
- Antibiotics are drugs that kill harmful bacteria and can be used for medicine, adhesives, and food.
- Bacteria help people by:
- Being an important part of the food chain
- Helping repopulate ecosystems after natural disasters
- Maintaining the oxygen balance in the atmosphere
- Being important members of symbiotic relationships
- Helping clean the environment
- Helping make food
- Helping keep us healthy
- Being genetically engineered to help us
- Helping bring justice
Bacteria and Disease
- Familiarize yourself with the bacteria that cause specific diseases.
Introduction to Plants
Types of Plants
- Seedless plants reproduce through spores.
- Examples of nonvascular plants include:
- Mosses
- Hornworts
- Liverworts
Needs of Plants
- All plants need to survive:
- Soil
- Water
- Sunlight
- Air
- Space
- The right temperature
Seed Plants
- The 3 main parts of seed plants are:
- Roots
- Stems
- Leaves
- Be able to differentiate between monocots and dicots.
- Determine the age of a tree by counting the rings.
Plant Activity
Life Processes of Plants
- Label the diagram of photosynthesis.
- Know the chemical formula for photosynthesis.
- Steps of plant transport:
- Root Pressure
- Capillary Action
- Transpiration
- Water molecules enter the root faster than they can leave, causing pressure to build up in the xylem and forcing water to move up to the stem.
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