ETHICS AND RELIGION 1E - TEST 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the central claim of act-utilitarianism?

  • We must apply a utilitarian calculation to each individual action. (correct)
  • Ethics is about actions, not agents or consequences.
  • The right action is the one that gives adequate weight to each competing duty.
  • Living an ethical life consists in the possession of the right character traits.

    • Who is the ancient Greek philosopher associated with the development of virtue ethics?

  • Plato
  • Aristotle (correct)
  • Epicurus
  • Socrates

    • What is the primary focus of virtue ethics?

  • The character traits of agents (correct)
  • The consequences of actions
  • The moral rules that guide actions
  • The moral laws that govern actions

    • What is the goal of moral theories, according to the text?

    <p>To provide criteria for judging actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of utilitarianism, according to the text?

    <p>The maximization of the good</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between living an ethical life and possessing virtues, according to virtue ethics?

    <p>Living an ethical life consists in the possession of the right character traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is religion often involved with?

    <p>Organized institutions and holly places</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ethics deal with?

    <p>The study of moral principles and laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the distinction between religion and ethics important?

    <p>Because it helps us understand the world around us</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives a person to commit a heinous act according to their religious beliefs?

    <p>Their devotion to a higher power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the moral codes of different religions?

    <p>They are unique to each religion and may not align</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of ethical principles?

    <p>They can be more universal and apply across cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of morality in religious contexts?

    <p>The teachings and commands of a higher power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do certain ethical theories, such as utilitarianism and Kantian ethics, attempt to provide?

    <p>Universal guidelines for moral decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of believers in following moral guidelines?

    <p>To attain spiritual growth or salvation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of ethics in secular ethics?

    <p>Human reason, empathy, and societal values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between religion and ethics?

    <p>Religion is based on faith, while ethics is based on reason and logic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of ethics?

    <p>It is based on the principle that people can use their reason to find the best path for their lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between religious and ethical systems?

    <p>Religion presupposes a divine command, while ethics doesn't</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can ethics exist without religion?

    <p>Yes, ethics can exist without religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an ethical issue in religion?

    <p>Discrimination against minorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of religious systems?

    <p>It often involves rituals and commandments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the negative consequences of prioritizing religion over ethics?

    <p>Leading to discrimination against minorities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between religion and ethics?

    <p>Religion is based on faith, while ethics is based on reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of consequentialist theories?

    <p>The consequences of an action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main claim of deontological theories?

    <p>That certain actions are intrinsically right or wrong, regardless of consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between religion and ethics?

    <p>They are distinct but interconnected concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the Greek word from which deontological theories are derived?

    <p>Deon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common form of consequentialism?

    <p>Utilitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can one be ethical without adhering to a specific religion?

    <p>Yes, ethics and religion are distinct concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Moral Theories

    • Utilitarianism can be divided into different types, including act-utilitarianism, which claims that we must apply a utilitarian calculation to each individual action to determine its moral rightness or wrongness.

    Virtue Ethics

    • Virtue ethics takes its roots from the work of ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle.
    • Virtue theories claim that ethics is about agents, not actions or consequences.
    • Living an ethical life consists of possessing the right character traits (virtues) and having a good moral character.

    Religion and Ethics

    • Religion refers to a system of beliefs, practices, rituals, and moral values centered on the worship of a supernatural entity.
    • Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with moral beings and humanity.
    • The distinction between religion and ethics can help us understand the world around us.

    Key Differences

    • Religion is often based on faith, while ethics is based on reason and logic.
    • Religion often involves rituals and commandments that may be blindly followed without questioning their validity or reason.
    • Ethics is always open to question and discussion.

    Can You Have Ethics Without Religion?

    • Yes, ethics can exist without religion.
    • One can be ethical without adhering to a specific religion.

    Ethical Issues in Religion

    • One of the biggest ethical issues in religion is how people treat each other in the name of religion.
    • Discrimination against minorities is a significant ethical issue, where some religions teach that certain groups of people are inferior or sinful and should be treated differently.

    Consequentialism

    • Consequentialist theories hold that only the consequences, or outcomes, of actions matter morally.
    • Acts are deemed to be morally right solely on the basis of their consequences.

    Deontology

    • Deontological theories base morality on certain duties or obligations.
    • Certain actions are intrinsically right or wrong, regardless of the consequences that may follow from those actions.

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