psychology serm2 level 100

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Questions and Answers

What can be a barrier to communication if you are engrossed in it for some reason?

Attitude

Subject knowledge

Emotions (correct)

Stress

What can happen if a person who sends a message lacks subject knowledge?

The message is conveyed clearly

The sender is appreciated

The receiver could misunderstand the message (correct)

The receiver is motivated

What can be a result of immense stress in communication?

Effective communication

Motivation

Clear understanding of the message

Communication distortion (correct)

What is a possible trigger of attitudinal barriers in an organization?

Poor management Signup and view all the answers

What can be a result of attitudinal barriers in an organization?

Dissatisfaction at work Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for effective communication in an organization?

Subject knowledge Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of the lecture on memory?

To understand the concept of memory and its importance Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the activity 'Tell us about a day you will never forget'?

To engage in a memory exercise Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with starting experimental studies of human memory?

Herman Ebbinghaus Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of how memory helps in our daily lives?

To retain new information Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of memory according to Baron?

Our cognitive systems for storing and retrieving information Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of memory in human life?

It helps in solving problems and planning for the future Signup and view all the answers

What type of syllables did Herman Ebbinghaus use to test his memory?

Nonsense syllables Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of studying human memory?

To understand the importance of memory in human life Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of learning as a process?

It begins from somewhere and continues over time Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the change that occurs due to learning?

Long-term Signup and view all the answers

Where does the change occur during the learning process?

In the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the change in behavior during learning?

The learner's experience in the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is communication?

A process of sending and receiving messages, and it is also a learned skill Signup and view all the answers

Can the learning process be directly observed?

No, it is an internal process Signup and view all the answers

What is the first element involved in sending a message?

Formulating the message Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the learning process?

A change in behavior that can be desirable or undesirable Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of encoding the message?

To put the message into words Signup and view all the answers

What is the relevance of learning?

It is important for individuals to adapt to their environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the change in behavior due to learning?

It can be either desirable or undesirable Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible barrier to receiving a message?

The recipient's experience level Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of decoding a message?

Using mental images to understand the message Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between verbal and non-verbal communication?

Verbal communication refers to the use of words to send messages, while non-verbal communication refers to the use of other cues Signup and view all the answers

How many elements are involved in sending a message?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What is a central core of difficulty in people according to Carl Rogers?

Regarding themselves as worthless and unlovable Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between global self-esteem and domain-specific self-esteem?

Global self-esteem is a general evaluation of oneself, while domain-specific self-esteem is a specific evaluation of oneself in a particular area Signup and view all the answers

How many elements are involved in receiving a message?

3 Signup and view all the answers

Why is self-esteem important for anyone?

It influences one's overall well-being and happiness Signup and view all the answers

What is one factor that influences the development of self-esteem?

Environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with low self-esteem?

Self-doubt Signup and view all the answers

According to Nathaniel Branden, what can happen to high self-esteem people?

They are quicker to pick themselves up again after being knocked down Signup and view all the answers

What is a way to improve self-esteem?

Practicing self-acceptance Signup and view all the answers

What is Abraham Maslow's view on psychological health?

It is possible unless this essential care of the person is fundamentally accepted, loved, and respected by others and by himself Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Attributes of Learning

Learning is a process that occurs over time and follows a sequence, not a single event
Change due to learning is long-term, not short-term, and is characterized as "enduring" and "relatively permanent"
The locus of change is the content and structure of knowledge or the behavior of the learner
Experience causes the change, and the cause of the change is the learner's experience in the environment
The learning process may not be directly observable, but the change in behavior manifests in the individual's activities
The change in behavior can be desirable or undesirable

Memory

Memory refers to our cognitive systems for storing and retrieving information
Our ability to remember things serves an adaptive purpose, and human life would be impossible without the benefit of a memory system
Memory helps to remember the past, retain new information, solve problems, plan for the future, build and maintain relationships, and more
Experimental studies of human memory were started by German psychologist Herman Ebbinghaus, who used a set of nonsense syllables to test how well he could remember things

Measuring Self-Esteem

Self-esteem is important for anyone, and it can be measured using various categories of self-esteem measures
The Rosenberg Scale is a method of measuring self-esteem
Self-esteem can be improved through various ways

Communication

Communication is a process of sending and receiving messages
It is a learned skill, and people are born with a biological capacity to talk but must learn the rules of effective and acceptable communication
The communication process consists of a message being sent and received, and can be verbal or non-verbal
Sending a message involves formulating the message, considering possible barriers, encoding the message, and communicating the message clearly
Receiving a message involves hearing/seeing the message, possible barriers to receiving, and decoding the message through mental images
Types of communication include verbal and non-verbal communication
Verbal communication refers to the use of words to send messages, and can be affected by emotions, lack of subject knowledge, and stress
Barriers to communication include stress, attitudinal barriers, and more

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