psychology serm2 level 100
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Questions and Answers

What can be a barrier to communication if you are engrossed in it for some reason?

  • Attitude
  • Subject knowledge
  • Emotions (correct)
  • Stress

    • What can happen if a person who sends a message lacks subject knowledge?

  • The message is conveyed clearly
  • The sender is appreciated
  • The receiver could misunderstand the message (correct)
  • The receiver is motivated

    • What can be a result of immense stress in communication?

  • Effective communication
  • Motivation
  • Clear understanding of the message
  • Communication distortion (correct)

    • What is a possible trigger of attitudinal barriers in an organization?

    <p>Poor management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a result of attitudinal barriers in an organization?

    <p>Dissatisfaction at work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for effective communication in an organization?

    <p>Subject knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of the lecture on memory?

    <p>To understand the concept of memory and its importance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the activity 'Tell us about a day you will never forget'?

    <p>To engage in a memory exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with starting experimental studies of human memory?

    <p>Herman Ebbinghaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of how memory helps in our daily lives?

    <p>To retain new information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of memory according to Baron?

    <p>Our cognitive systems for storing and retrieving information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of memory in human life?

    <p>It helps in solving problems and planning for the future</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of syllables did Herman Ebbinghaus use to test his memory?

    <p>Nonsense syllables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of studying human memory?

    <p>To understand the importance of memory in human life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of learning as a process?

    <p>It begins from somewhere and continues over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the change that occurs due to learning?

    <p>Long-term</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the change occur during the learning process?

    <p>In the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the change in behavior during learning?

    <p>The learner's experience in the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is communication?

    <p>A process of sending and receiving messages, and it is also a learned skill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can the learning process be directly observed?

    <p>No, it is an internal process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first element involved in sending a message?

    <p>Formulating the message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the learning process?

    <p>A change in behavior that can be desirable or undesirable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of encoding the message?

    <p>To put the message into words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relevance of learning?

    <p>It is important for individuals to adapt to their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the change in behavior due to learning?

    <p>It can be either desirable or undesirable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible barrier to receiving a message?

    <p>The recipient's experience level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of decoding a message?

    <p>Using mental images to understand the message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between verbal and non-verbal communication?

    <p>Verbal communication refers to the use of words to send messages, while non-verbal communication refers to the use of other cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many elements are involved in sending a message?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a central core of difficulty in people according to Carl Rogers?

    <p>Regarding themselves as worthless and unlovable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between global self-esteem and domain-specific self-esteem?

    <p>Global self-esteem is a general evaluation of oneself, while domain-specific self-esteem is a specific evaluation of oneself in a particular area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many elements are involved in receiving a message?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is self-esteem important for anyone?

    <p>It influences one's overall well-being and happiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one factor that influences the development of self-esteem?

    <p>Environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with low self-esteem?

    <p>Self-doubt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Nathaniel Branden, what can happen to high self-esteem people?

    <p>They are quicker to pick themselves up again after being knocked down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a way to improve self-esteem?

    <p>Practicing self-acceptance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Abraham Maslow's view on psychological health?

    <p>It is possible unless this essential care of the person is fundamentally accepted, loved, and respected by others and by himself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Attributes of Learning

    • Learning is a process that occurs over time and follows a sequence, not a single event
    • Change due to learning is long-term, not short-term, and is characterized as "enduring" and "relatively permanent"
    • The locus of change is the content and structure of knowledge or the behavior of the learner
    • Experience causes the change, and the cause of the change is the learner's experience in the environment
    • The learning process may not be directly observable, but the change in behavior manifests in the individual's activities
    • The change in behavior can be desirable or undesirable

    Memory

    • Memory refers to our cognitive systems for storing and retrieving information
    • Our ability to remember things serves an adaptive purpose, and human life would be impossible without the benefit of a memory system
    • Memory helps to remember the past, retain new information, solve problems, plan for the future, build and maintain relationships, and more
    • Experimental studies of human memory were started by German psychologist Herman Ebbinghaus, who used a set of nonsense syllables to test how well he could remember things

    Measuring Self-Esteem

    • Self-esteem is important for anyone, and it can be measured using various categories of self-esteem measures
    • The Rosenberg Scale is a method of measuring self-esteem
    • Self-esteem can be improved through various ways

    Communication

    • Communication is a process of sending and receiving messages
    • It is a learned skill, and people are born with a biological capacity to talk but must learn the rules of effective and acceptable communication
    • The communication process consists of a message being sent and received, and can be verbal or non-verbal
    • Sending a message involves formulating the message, considering possible barriers, encoding the message, and communicating the message clearly
    • Receiving a message involves hearing/seeing the message, possible barriers to receiving, and decoding the message through mental images
    • Types of communication include verbal and non-verbal communication
    • Verbal communication refers to the use of words to send messages, and can be affected by emotions, lack of subject knowledge, and stress
    • Barriers to communication include stress, attitudinal barriers, and more

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