3) Puberty & Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What is adrenarche?

  • A change that occurs in the liver
  • A change that occurs in the pancreas
  • A change that occurs in the lungs
  • A change that occurs in the adrenal glands (correct)

What are PSUs?

  • A type of hair follicle with no sebaceous glands
  • A type of gland that produces sebum and sweat
  • Hair follicles surrounded by small muscles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands (correct)
  • A type of sweat gland found only in the pubic area

Which gland is responsible for the first endocrine event of puberty?

  • Pituitary gland
  • Adrenal gland (correct)
  • Thyroid gland
  • Pancreas

What is peripheral precocious puberty?

<p>The development of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is responsible for the first endocrine event of puberty?

<p>Adrenal gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is adrenarche?

<p>A change that occurs in the adrenal glands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of puberty?

<p>To transition from non-reproductive to reproductive state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first outward sign of estrogen activity in females during puberty?

<p>Thelarche (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the different factors that can cause pubertal delay?

<p>Constitutional delay, chronic illness, hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During pre-puberty, how would you describe the nature of GnRH secretion?

<p>Low levels with pulsatile nature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first outward sign of estrogen activity in females during puberty?

<p>Thelarche (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DHEAS in pubarche?

<p>It is responsible for axillary and pubic hair growth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first outward sign of estrogen activity in females?

<p>Thelarche (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of puberty?

<p>To transition from non-reproductive to reproductive state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of androgens in male puberty?

<p>They enlarge the larynx and deepen the voice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the activation of the HPG axis?

<p>Synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the most common cause of pubertal delay?

<p>Constitutional delay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of height increase in females during puberty?

<p>9 cm/year (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of "pseudo" in peripheral precocious puberty?

<p>It means that the condition is caused by factors outside the hypothalamus and pituitary gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the activation of the HPG axis?

<p>Synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sebum?

<p>A type of oil produced by sebaceous glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do females reach their peak height velocity (PHV)?

<p>12 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormones are secreted during adrenarche?

<p>Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what point in puberty do GnRH levels drop during the day?

<p>Early/mid puberty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormones are secreted during adrenarche?

<p>Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of androgens in male puberty?

<p>They enlarge the larynx and deepen the voice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does pubarche typically occur?

<p>Before 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of height increase in females during puberty?

<p>9 cm/year (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the myometrium in females?

<p>Responds to estrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do males typically reach their peak height velocity (PHV)?

<p>14 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pubarche?

<p>The development of pubic and axillary hair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females?

<p>Estrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is GnRH secretion still higher at night with less diurnal variation?

<p>Mid/late puberty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pubarche?

<p>The development of pubic and axillary hair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hereditary factor involved in constitutional delay?

<p>Multiple genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females?

<p>Estrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do males typically reach their peak height velocity (PHV)?

<p>14 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the symptoms associated with pubarche?

<p>Acne, increased sebum production, infection, and abnormal keratinization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of androgenic stimulation on sebaceous glands?

<p>It increases sebum production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of LH in puberty?

<p>Stimulates gonadal steroid synthesis and secondary sex characteristics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of LH in puberty?

<p>Stimulates gonadal steroid synthesis and secondary sex characteristics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the age limits for peripheral precocious puberty in boys and girls?

<p>Before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the widening of the hips in females?

<p>Allows for easier childbirth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does adrenarche typically begin?

<p>8-10 years of age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Leydig cells in male puberty?

<p>They stimulate meiosis and spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of FSH in male puberty?

<p>Stimulates spermatogenesis and growth of testes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the response of the myometrium to estrogen during puberty in females?

<p>It becomes more sensitive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does adrenarche typically begin?

<p>8-10 years of age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the response of the myometrium to estrogen during puberty in females?

<p>It becomes more sensitive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to DHEAS in target tissues?

<p>It can be converted to testosterone or DHT. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of life does GnRH secretion mainly occur during the day and not at night?

<p>Adult (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of FSH in male puberty?

<p>Stimulates spermatogenesis and growth of testes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Leydig cells in male puberty?

<p>They stimulate meiosis and spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is testotoxicosis?

<p>A rare genetic disorder caused by an activating mutation of the LH receptor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are vellus PSUs?

<p>Small, thin, unpigmented hair follicles that cover most of the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism?

<p>Low levels of LH and FSH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the levels of DHEA and DHEAS after they peak in the mid-20s?

<p>They start to decline throughout life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary characteristic in males?

<p>Development of testes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average age of onset of puberty in females?

<p>10 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of FSH in female puberty?

<p>Stimulates folliculogenesis with steroid synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary characteristic in males?

<p>Development of testes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average age of onset of puberty in females?

<p>10 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of FSH in female puberty?

<p>Stimulates folliculogenesis with steroid synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the levels of DHEA and DHEAS after they peak in the mid-20s?

<p>They start to decline throughout life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of precocious pubarche?

<p>It occurs before the typical age of pubarche and may indicate underlying health issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diurnal variation of GnRH secretion during pre-puberty?

<p>No diurnal variation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor responsible for the increase in ovarian size and follicular growth in females?

<p>Estrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to vellus PSUs in response to androgen exposure?

<p>They differentiate into two different hair types: terminal and apocrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of testotoxicosis?

<p>No rise in FSH, which leads to the FSH receptor on Sertoli cells not being activated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic mutation can cause hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism?

<p>Kallman's syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are other hormones secreted by the adrenal gland affected by adrenarche?

<p>No, they are not affected (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for the appearance of pubic and axillary hair?

<p>Androgens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are other hormones secreted by the adrenal gland affected by adrenarche?

<p>No, they are not affected (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the HPG axis?

<p>A hormone pathway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Sertoli cells in male puberty?

<p>They support the development of sperm cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sex steroid-secreting tumor?

<p>A tumor that produces sex steroids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main organ responsible for producing estrogen in females during puberty?

<p>Ovaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Sertoli cells in male puberty?

<p>They support the development of sperm cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism?

<p>High levels of LH and FSH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DHEAS?

<p>To be converted to testosterone or DHT in target tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main organ responsible for producing estrogen in females during puberty?

<p>Ovaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for the appearance of pubic and axillary hair?

<p>Androgens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of life is GnRH secretion higher overall?

<p>Early/mid puberty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are terminal PSUs found?

<p>On the scalp and facial areas in men, and the pubic area and axillae in both sexes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do apocrine PSUs differ from terminal PSUs?

<p>They give off an odor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does GnRH secretion decrease?

<p>Adult (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may trigger adrenarche?

<p>Unknown molecular signals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of the two endocrine events of puberty?

<p>Adrenarche, gonadarche (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothalamus in the HPG axis?

<p>Releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may trigger adrenarche?

<p>Unknown molecular signals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the HPG axis in females during puberty?

<p>To produce estrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between DHEAS and testosterone?

<p>DHEAS can be converted to testosterone in target tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of the two endocrine events of puberty?

<p>Adrenarche, gonadarche (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a secondary characteristic in males?

<p>Development of testes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are sex steroid-secreting tumors common or rare?

<p>Rare (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which congenital condition can cause hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism?

<p>Klinefelter's syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the HPG axis in females during puberty?

<p>To produce estrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a secondary characteristic in males?

<p>Development of testes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of follicular growth during puberty in females?

<p>It is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is adrenarche a normal part of the remodelling process that occurs in the adrenal glands?

<p>Yes, it is a normal part of the process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of vas deferens lumen increasing in males during puberty?

<p>It allows for the production of mature gametes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of axillary hair growth?

<p>It is a sign of puberty. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is adrenarche a normal part of the remodelling process that occurs in the adrenal glands?

<p>Yes, it is a normal part of the process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of GnRH secretion during mid/late puberty?

<p>High levels with pulsatile nature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gonadal steroids in puberty?

<p>Develop secondary sex characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of chronic illness on pubertal delay?

<p>It can cause any of the three types of delay (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of estrogen in females?

<p>Stimulates growth of the uterus lining (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern associated with sebaceous PSUs?

<p>Acne (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of follicular growth during puberty in females?

<p>It is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is McCune-Albright syndrome?

<p>A genetic disorder that causes the constitutive activation of adenylate cyclase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of vas deferens lumen increasing in males during puberty?

<p>It allows for the production of mature gametes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gonadal steroids in puberty?

<p>Develop secondary sex characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between DHEAS and acne?

<p>Pubarche, which is associated with DHEAS, can lead to acne (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between primary and secondary sexual characteristics in females?

<p>Primary characteristics develop during puberty, while secondary characteristics are present at birth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can McCune-Albright syndrome cause?

<p>Both A and B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of testosterone in male puberty?

<p>It stimulates meiosis and spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the role of LH and FSH in puberty?

<p>LH stimulates spermatogenesis, while FSH stimulates folliculogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for triggering puberty?

<p>Luteinizing hormone (LH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of life does GnRH secretion have no diurnal variations?

<p>Pre-puberty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between primary and secondary sexual characteristics in females?

<p>Primary characteristics develop during puberty, while secondary characteristics are present at birth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the role of LH and FSH in puberty?

<p>LH stimulates spermatogenesis, while FSH stimulates folliculogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the adrenal glands responsible for?

<p>The development of pubic and axillary hair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the adrenal glands responsible for?

<p>The development of pubic and axillary hair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average annual height increase in females during puberty?

<p>9 cm/year (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of PSU is characterized by small hair follicles with large sebaceous glands at the bottom?

<p>Sebaceous PSUs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of testosterone in male puberty?

<p>It stimulates meiosis and spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does GnRH secretion have a pulsatile nature?

<p>Pre-puberty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of PSU is found on the scalp and facial areas in men?

<p>Terminal PSUs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of broadening of shoulders and chest in males during puberty?

<p>It stimulates the development of muscle mass (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the adrenal glands?

<p>Above the kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DHT?

<p>To stimulate the growth of the prostate gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of broadening of shoulders and chest in males during puberty?

<p>It stimulates the development of muscle mass (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of opioids on puberty?

<p>They cause hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which axis is activated during gonadarche?

<p>HPG axis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the adrenal glands?

<p>Above the kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of widening of the hips during puberty in females?

<p>To accommodate the growth of the uterus and developing fetus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of widening of the hips during puberty in females?

<p>To accommodate the growth of the uterus and developing fetus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the increase in ovarian size and follicular growth in females?

<p>Causes ovulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which axis is activated during gonadarche?

<p>HPG axis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can cause gonadal dysgenesis?

<p>Klinefelter's syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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