3) Puberty & Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is adrenarche?

  • A change that occurs in the liver
  • A change that occurs in the pancreas
  • A change that occurs in the lungs
  • A change that occurs in the adrenal glands (correct)

    • What are PSUs?

  • A type of hair follicle with no sebaceous glands
  • A type of gland that produces sebum and sweat
  • Hair follicles surrounded by small muscles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands (correct)
  • A type of sweat gland found only in the pubic area

    • Which gland is responsible for the first endocrine event of puberty?

  • Pituitary gland
  • Adrenal gland (correct)
  • Thyroid gland
  • Pancreas

    • What is peripheral precocious puberty?

    <p>The development of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is responsible for the first endocrine event of puberty?

    <p>Adrenal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is adrenarche?

    <p>A change that occurs in the adrenal glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of puberty?

    <p>To transition from non-reproductive to reproductive state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first outward sign of estrogen activity in females during puberty?

    <p>Thelarche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different factors that can cause pubertal delay?

    <p>Constitutional delay, chronic illness, hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During pre-puberty, how would you describe the nature of GnRH secretion?

    <p>Low levels with pulsatile nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first outward sign of estrogen activity in females during puberty?

    <p>Thelarche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DHEAS in pubarche?

    <p>It is responsible for axillary and pubic hair growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first outward sign of estrogen activity in females?

    <p>Thelarche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of puberty?

    <p>To transition from non-reproductive to reproductive state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of androgens in male puberty?

    <p>They enlarge the larynx and deepen the voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the activation of the HPG axis?

    <p>Synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the most common cause of pubertal delay?

    <p>Constitutional delay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate of height increase in females during puberty?

    <p>9 cm/year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of "pseudo" in peripheral precocious puberty?

    <p>It means that the condition is caused by factors outside the hypothalamus and pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the activation of the HPG axis?

    <p>Synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sebum?

    <p>A type of oil produced by sebaceous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do females reach their peak height velocity (PHV)?

    <p>12 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormones are secreted during adrenarche?

    <p>Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point in puberty do GnRH levels drop during the day?

    <p>Early/mid puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormones are secreted during adrenarche?

    <p>Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of androgens in male puberty?

    <p>They enlarge the larynx and deepen the voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does pubarche typically occur?

    <p>Before 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate of height increase in females during puberty?

    <p>9 cm/year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myometrium in females?

    <p>Responds to estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do males typically reach their peak height velocity (PHV)?

    <p>14 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pubarche?

    <p>The development of pubic and axillary hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is GnRH secretion still higher at night with less diurnal variation?

    <p>Mid/late puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pubarche?

    <p>The development of pubic and axillary hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hereditary factor involved in constitutional delay?

    <p>Multiple genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do males typically reach their peak height velocity (PHV)?

    <p>14 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the symptoms associated with pubarche?

    <p>Acne, increased sebum production, infection, and abnormal keratinization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of androgenic stimulation on sebaceous glands?

    <p>It increases sebum production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of LH in puberty?

    <p>Stimulates gonadal steroid synthesis and secondary sex characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of LH in puberty?

    <p>Stimulates gonadal steroid synthesis and secondary sex characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the age limits for peripheral precocious puberty in boys and girls?

    <p>Before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the widening of the hips in females?

    <p>Allows for easier childbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does adrenarche typically begin?

    <p>8-10 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Leydig cells in male puberty?

    <p>They stimulate meiosis and spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of FSH in male puberty?

    <p>Stimulates spermatogenesis and growth of testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the response of the myometrium to estrogen during puberty in females?

    <p>It becomes more sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does adrenarche typically begin?

    <p>8-10 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the response of the myometrium to estrogen during puberty in females?

    <p>It becomes more sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to DHEAS in target tissues?

    <p>It can be converted to testosterone or DHT.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of life does GnRH secretion mainly occur during the day and not at night?

    <p>Adult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of FSH in male puberty?

    <p>Stimulates spermatogenesis and growth of testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Leydig cells in male puberty?

    <p>They stimulate meiosis and spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is testotoxicosis?

    <p>A rare genetic disorder caused by an activating mutation of the LH receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are vellus PSUs?

    <p>Small, thin, unpigmented hair follicles that cover most of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism?

    <p>Low levels of LH and FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the levels of DHEA and DHEAS after they peak in the mid-20s?

    <p>They start to decline throughout life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary characteristic in males?

    <p>Development of testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average age of onset of puberty in females?

    <p>10 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of FSH in female puberty?

    <p>Stimulates folliculogenesis with steroid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary characteristic in males?

    <p>Development of testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average age of onset of puberty in females?

    <p>10 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of FSH in female puberty?

    <p>Stimulates folliculogenesis with steroid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the levels of DHEA and DHEAS after they peak in the mid-20s?

    <p>They start to decline throughout life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of precocious pubarche?

    <p>It occurs before the typical age of pubarche and may indicate underlying health issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diurnal variation of GnRH secretion during pre-puberty?

    <p>No diurnal variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor responsible for the increase in ovarian size and follicular growth in females?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to vellus PSUs in response to androgen exposure?

    <p>They differentiate into two different hair types: terminal and apocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of testotoxicosis?

    <p>No rise in FSH, which leads to the FSH receptor on Sertoli cells not being activated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic mutation can cause hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism?

    <p>Kallman's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are other hormones secreted by the adrenal gland affected by adrenarche?

    <p>No, they are not affected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for the appearance of pubic and axillary hair?

    <p>Androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are other hormones secreted by the adrenal gland affected by adrenarche?

    <p>No, they are not affected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the HPG axis?

    <p>A hormone pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Sertoli cells in male puberty?

    <p>They support the development of sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sex steroid-secreting tumor?

    <p>A tumor that produces sex steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main organ responsible for producing estrogen in females during puberty?

    <p>Ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Sertoli cells in male puberty?

    <p>They support the development of sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism?

    <p>High levels of LH and FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DHEAS?

    <p>To be converted to testosterone or DHT in target tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main organ responsible for producing estrogen in females during puberty?

    <p>Ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for the appearance of pubic and axillary hair?

    <p>Androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of life is GnRH secretion higher overall?

    <p>Early/mid puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are terminal PSUs found?

    <p>On the scalp and facial areas in men, and the pubic area and axillae in both sexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do apocrine PSUs differ from terminal PSUs?

    <p>They give off an odor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does GnRH secretion decrease?

    <p>Adult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may trigger adrenarche?

    <p>Unknown molecular signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of the two endocrine events of puberty?

    <p>Adrenarche, gonadarche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hypothalamus in the HPG axis?

    <p>Releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may trigger adrenarche?

    <p>Unknown molecular signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the HPG axis in females during puberty?

    <p>To produce estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between DHEAS and testosterone?

    <p>DHEAS can be converted to testosterone in target tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of the two endocrine events of puberty?

    <p>Adrenarche, gonadarche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a secondary characteristic in males?

    <p>Development of testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are sex steroid-secreting tumors common or rare?

    <p>Rare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which congenital condition can cause hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism?

    <p>Klinefelter's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the HPG axis in females during puberty?

    <p>To produce estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a secondary characteristic in males?

    <p>Development of testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of follicular growth during puberty in females?

    <p>It is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is adrenarche a normal part of the remodelling process that occurs in the adrenal glands?

    <p>Yes, it is a normal part of the process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of vas deferens lumen increasing in males during puberty?

    <p>It allows for the production of mature gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of axillary hair growth?

    <p>It is a sign of puberty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is adrenarche a normal part of the remodelling process that occurs in the adrenal glands?

    <p>Yes, it is a normal part of the process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of GnRH secretion during mid/late puberty?

    <p>High levels with pulsatile nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gonadal steroids in puberty?

    <p>Develop secondary sex characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of chronic illness on pubertal delay?

    <p>It can cause any of the three types of delay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of estrogen in females?

    <p>Stimulates growth of the uterus lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern associated with sebaceous PSUs?

    <p>Acne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of follicular growth during puberty in females?

    <p>It is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is McCune-Albright syndrome?

    <p>A genetic disorder that causes the constitutive activation of adenylate cyclase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of vas deferens lumen increasing in males during puberty?

    <p>It allows for the production of mature gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gonadal steroids in puberty?

    <p>Develop secondary sex characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between DHEAS and acne?

    <p>Pubarche, which is associated with DHEAS, can lead to acne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between primary and secondary sexual characteristics in females?

    <p>Primary characteristics develop during puberty, while secondary characteristics are present at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can McCune-Albright syndrome cause?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of testosterone in male puberty?

    <p>It stimulates meiosis and spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the role of LH and FSH in puberty?

    <p>LH stimulates spermatogenesis, while FSH stimulates folliculogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for triggering puberty?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone (LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of life does GnRH secretion have no diurnal variations?

    <p>Pre-puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between primary and secondary sexual characteristics in females?

    <p>Primary characteristics develop during puberty, while secondary characteristics are present at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the role of LH and FSH in puberty?

    <p>LH stimulates spermatogenesis, while FSH stimulates folliculogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the adrenal glands responsible for?

    <p>The development of pubic and axillary hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the adrenal glands responsible for?

    <p>The development of pubic and axillary hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average annual height increase in females during puberty?

    <p>9 cm/year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of PSU is characterized by small hair follicles with large sebaceous glands at the bottom?

    <p>Sebaceous PSUs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of testosterone in male puberty?

    <p>It stimulates meiosis and spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does GnRH secretion have a pulsatile nature?

    <p>Pre-puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of PSU is found on the scalp and facial areas in men?

    <p>Terminal PSUs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of broadening of shoulders and chest in males during puberty?

    <p>It stimulates the development of muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the adrenal glands?

    <p>Above the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DHT?

    <p>To stimulate the growth of the prostate gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of broadening of shoulders and chest in males during puberty?

    <p>It stimulates the development of muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of opioids on puberty?

    <p>They cause hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which axis is activated during gonadarche?

    <p>HPG axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the adrenal glands?

    <p>Above the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of widening of the hips during puberty in females?

    <p>To accommodate the growth of the uterus and developing fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of widening of the hips during puberty in females?

    <p>To accommodate the growth of the uterus and developing fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the increase in ovarian size and follicular growth in females?

    <p>Causes ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which axis is activated during gonadarche?

    <p>HPG axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can cause gonadal dysgenesis?

    <p>Klinefelter's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

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