Blood

76 Questions

What percentage of the total blood volume is made up of plasma?

55%

What is the primary role of plasma proteins such as albumin?

Osmotic regulation

What is the majority of the formed elements in the blood?

Red blood cells

What is the term for the plasma without clotting factors?

Serum

What substances are dissolved in the plasma?

Ions, nutrient molecules, and proteins

What is the role of hormones in the blood?

Transportation of signals

What is the percentage of the cellular portion of the blood that is made up of red blood cells?

98-99%

What is the purpose of serum?

Production of anti-sera containing antibodies

Where are the formed elements of the blood produced?

Red bone marrow

Match the following blood components with their functions:

Red blood cells = Transport of materials White blood cells = Immune component Platelets = Blood clotting Plasma proteins = Osmotic regulation

Match the following plasma components with their characteristics:

Ions = Essential for various bodily functions Nutrient molecules = Provide energy for the body Waste products = Removed from the body through excretion Proteins = Involved in blood clotting and transport

Match the following blood components with their production sites:

Red blood cells = Red bone marrow White blood cells = Lymphoid organs Platelets = Spleen Plasma proteins = Liver

Match the following blood components with their volumes:

Plasma = 55% of the total blood volume Red blood cells = 45% of the total blood volume White blood cells = 1% of the total blood volume Platelets = 0.5% of the total blood volume

Match the following plasma components with their roles in the transport of hormones:

Protein carrier molecules = Bind to hormones for transport Hormones = Regulate various bodily functions Nutrient molecules = Provide energy for hormone production Waste products = Removed from the body through excretion

Match the following blood components with their composition:

Plasma = Primarily composed of water Red blood cells = Primarily composed of hemoglobin White blood cells = Primarily composed of proteins Platelets = Primarily composed of lipids

Match the following blood components with their characteristics in serum:

Clotting factors = Removed from the plasma to produce serum Nutrient molecules = Removed from the plasma to produce serum Hormones = Present in serum, sometimes bound to protein carrier molecules Waste products = Removed from the body through excretion

Match the following blood components with their roles in the immune system:

White blood cells = Primary immune component Red blood cells = Involved in the transport of immune cells Platelets = Involved in the clotting of wounds Plasma proteins = Involved in the production of antibodies

Match the following blood components with their roles in the regulation of bodily functions:

Hormones = Regulate various bodily functions Plasma proteins = Involved in osmotic regulation Red blood cells = Involved in the transport of oxygen White blood cells = Involved in the immune response

What is the primary function of neutrophils and monocytes in the immune response?

To engulf and destroy pathogens using lysosomes

What type of white blood cell is specialized to fight parasites?

Eosinophils

What is the role of B cells in the immune response?

To release antibodies to provide a targeted response to specific pathogens

What is the function of platelets in the blood?

To stop blood loss and promote hemostasis

What is the term for all white blood cells?

Leukocytes

What is the effect of antihistamines on the body?

They decrease histamine release and alleviate allergy symptoms

What is the role of T cells in the immune response?

To destroy virus-infected cells and cancer cells

What is the primary function of clotting factors in the plasma?

To form a blood clot and prevent bleeding

What is the role of thrombin in the clotting process?

To form fibrin

What is the purpose of vitamin K in the blood clotting process?

To produce clotting factors

What is the function of plasmin in the blood?

To dissolve clots

What is the role of calcium in the blood clotting process?

To facilitate the clotting process

What is the purpose of heparin in IV needles?

To prevent blood clotting at the site of insertion

What is the result of the platelet plug and fibrin mesh in the clotting process?

Blood loss is prevented

What is the effect of anticoagulants such as aspirin and warfarin on the blood?

They inhibit platelet reaction and clotting factors

Match the following substances with their roles in the blood clotting process:

Thrombin = Forms fibrin from fibrinogen Fibrin = Reinforces the platelet plug Vitamin K = Necessary for producing clotting factors Plasmin = Dissolves clots after healing

Match the following components with their roles in the hemostasis process:

Platelets = Aggregating to form a platelet plug Clotting factors = Producing fibrin to reinforce the platelet plug Vitamin K = Producing clotting factors Calcium = Required for the clotting process

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Hemostasis = The process of stopping blood loss Clotting factors = Substances that form fibrin for clotting Anticoagulants = Substances that prevent blood clotting Heparin = A substance used to prevent clotting in IV needles

Match the following components with their functions in the blood:

Clotting factors = Producing fibrin for clotting Platelets = Forming a platelet plug to stop bleeding Fibrin = Forming a mesh to trap red blood cells Plasmin = Dissolving clots after healing

Match the following substances with their effects on blood clotting:

Anticoagulants = Preventing blood clotting Vitamin K = Enhancing blood clotting Heparin = Preventing blood clotting in IV needles Aspirin = Preventing blood clotting

Match the following components with their roles in blood clotting:

Platelets = Forming a temporary plug to stop bleeding Fibrin = Forming a mesh to trap red blood cells Thrombin = Converting fibrinogen to fibrin Calcium = Enhancing the clotting process

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

Blood clotting = The process of forming a blood clot Hemostasis = The process of stopping blood loss Fibrin mesh = A net that traps red blood cells Platelet plug = A temporary plug that stops bleeding

Match the following components with their roles in the blood:

Platelets = Forming a platelet plug to stop bleeding Clotting factors = Producing fibrin for clotting Fibrin = Forming a mesh to trap red blood cells Plasmin = Dissolving clots after healing

Match the following types of white blood cells with their functions:

Neutrophils = Fight viruses and cancer cells Eosinophils = Engulf pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, and destroy them using lysosomes or cellular stomach Basophils = Fight parasites, attacking them chemically from the outside Lymphocytes = Release histamine and are involved in allergies and the inflammation response

Match the following white blood cells with their characteristics:

Monocytes = Most abundant type of white blood cell in the blood Neutrophils = Mature into macrophages when they leave the blood Eosinophils = Specialized to fight parasites Basophils = Release antibodies to provide a targeted response to specific strains of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens

Match the following white blood cells with their modes of action:

Monocytes = Release histamine and are involved in allergies and the inflammation response Neutrophils = Engulf pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, and destroy them using lysosomes or cellular stomach Eosinophils = Attack parasites chemically from the outside Lymphocytes = Provide a targeted response to specific strains of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens

Match the following white blood cells with their roles in the immune response:

B cells = Destroy virus-infected cells and cancer cells T cells = Release antibodies to provide a targeted response to specific strains of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens Neutrophils = Engulf pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, and destroy them using lysosomes or cellular stomach Eosinophils = Fight parasites, attacking them chemically from the outside

Match the following blood components with their roles in the body:

Platelets = Involved in the process of hemostasis, or stopping blood loss White blood cells = Involved in the immune response, fighting infections Antihistamines = Reduce histamine release and alleviate allergy and inflammation symptoms Lymphocytes = Part of the blood's formed elements

Match the following blood components with their characteristics:

Platelets = Involved in the immune response, fighting infections White blood cells = Involved in the process of hemostasis, or stopping blood loss Lymphocytes = A type of leukocyte Basophils = Involved in the process of hemostasis, or stopping blood loss

What is the most common form of anemia?

Iron deficiency anemia

What is the purpose of a complete blood count (CBC)?

To diagnose anemia and other blood disorders

What does a basic metabolic panel (BMP) measure?

Blood electrolytes, glucose levels, and kidney function

What is the shape of red blood cells that allows for more surface area and diffusion of oxygen?

Bi-concave disc

What is the oxygen-carrying molecule within red blood cells composed of?

Hemoglobin, made up of four subunits

What can specialized blood tests measure?

Creatine kinase and troponin levels

What is anemia diagnosed through?

A hematocrit test

What stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow?

Erythropoietin (EPO)

What can blood lipid tests measure?

HDL and LDL cholesterol levels

What is the condition characterized by yellow skin and eyes due to the buildup of bilirubin?

Jaundice

How many oxygen molecules can each hemoglobin molecule carry?

Four

In what cases can blood tests be used for pregnancy testing?

In some cases

What is an alternative to blood tests for pregnancy testing?

Urinalysis

What is the lifespan of red blood cells?

120 days

What is the condition where there are too many red blood cells?

Polycythemia

Match the following components of red blood cells with their characteristics:

Bi-concave disc shape = Allowing for more surface area and diffusion of oxygen in and out of the cells Lack of nucleus = Leaving more space for hemoglobin Hemoglobin = Composed of four subunits, each consisting of a globin protein portion and a heme pigment containing an iron ion Mitochondria = Relying on lactic acid fermentation or anaerobic respiration

Match the following terms related to red blood cells with their descriptions:

Polycythemia = A condition where there are too many red blood cells Erythropoietin (EPO) = A hormone released by the kidney in response to low oxygen levels Jaundice = A condition characterized by yellow skin and eyes due to the buildup of bilirubin Anaerobic respiration = A type of respiration used by red blood cells in the absence of oxygen

Match the following components of hemoglobin with their functions:

Globin protein portion = Part of the oxygen-carrying molecule within red blood cells Heme pigment = Contains an iron ion that binds to oxygen Iron ion = Binds to oxygen in the heme pigment Hemoglobin molecule = Can carry up to four oxygen molecules

Match the following processes related to red blood cells with their descriptions:

Lactic acid fermentation = A type of respiration used by red blood cells in the absence of oxygen Erythropoiesis = The process of producing red blood cells in the bone marrow Breakdown of red blood cells = Occurs in the liver and spleen after a lifespan of around 120 days Recycling of hemoglobin = Occurs after the breakdown of red blood cells

Match the following components of the blood with their roles:

Red blood cells = Responsible for transporting oxygen Hemoglobin = The oxygen-carrying molecule within red blood cells Erythropoietin (EPO) = Stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow Bilirubin = A yellow pigment that can build up in the body, causing jaundice

Match the following conditions with their descriptions:

Polycythemia = A condition where there are too many red blood cells Anemia = A condition characterized by a lack of RBC Jaundice = A condition characterized by yellow skin and eyes due to the buildup of bilirubin Red blood cell deficiency = A condition characterized by a lack of red blood cells

Match the following types of anemia with their causes:

Iron deficiency anemia = Lack of iron in the diet Pernicious anemia = Vitamin B12 deficiency Aplastic anemia = Bone marrow destruction Hemolytic anemia = Abnormal breakdown of red blood cells

Match the following blood components with their functions:

Red blood cells = Carry oxygen to the body's tissues White blood cells = Fight infection and disease Platelets = Form blood clots and stop bleeding Plasma = Transport proteins, nutrients, and waste products

Match the following blood tests with the information they provide:

Complete Blood Count (CBC) = Diagnosis of anemia and other blood disorders Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) = Electrolyte levels, glucose levels, and kidney function Blood lipid test = HDL and LDL cholesterol levels Specialized blood test = Protein levels, including creatine kinase and troponin

Match the following tests with their uses:

Hematocrit test = Diagnosis of anemia Blood lipid test = Assessment of cholesterol levels Urinalysis = Pregnancy testing (alternative to blood tests) Specialized blood test = Measurement of protein levels

Match the following blood components with their characteristics:

Red blood cells = Contain hemoglobin and carry oxygen White blood cells = Part of the immune system Platelets = Involved in blood clotting Plasma = Makes up approximately 55% of total blood volume

Match the following health conditions with their diagnoses:

Anemia = Hematocrit test Pregnancy = Blood test or urinalysis Heart attack = Specialized blood test measuring troponin levels Hemolytic disease = Blood test measuring hemoglobin levels

Match the following blood tests with their purposes:

Complete Blood Count (CBC) = Diagnosis of anemia and other blood disorders Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) = Assessment of electrolyte levels and kidney function Blood lipid test = Assessment of cholesterol levels Specialized blood test = Measurement of protein levels and diagnosis of heart attacks

Match the following blood components with their functions in the body:

Red blood cells = Carry oxygen to the body's tissues White blood cells = Fight infection and disease Platelets = Form blood clots and stop bleeding Plasma = Transports hormones and proteins throughout the body

Study Notes

Blood is a type of connective tissue that plays a crucial role in the cardiovascular system, with various functions including transport of materials, protection, and regulation.
Blood is composed of a liquid matrix (plasma) and cells scattered throughout, with plasma making up about 55% of the total blood volume.
The plasma is primarily composed of water, with various substances dissolved in it, including ions (sodium, potassium, calcium), nutrient molecules (glucose, amino acids), proteins (albumin, antibodies), clotting factors, and waste products (carbon dioxide, urea).
Plasma proteins, such as albumin, play a crucial role in osmotic regulation, ensuring cells maintain their shape and size.
Hormones are transported through the plasma, sometimes bound to protein carrier molecules and sometimes floating freely.
The formed elements or cellular portion of the blood makes up about 45% of the blood volume and consists of cells produced in the red bone marrow.
Red blood cells (RBCs or erythrocytes) are the majority of the formed elements, accounting for around 98-99% of the cellular portion.
White blood cells (WBCs or leukocytes) are an important immune component of the blood, while platelets (thrombocytes) are crucial for blood clotting.
Serum is the plasma without clotting factors, obtained by allowing the blood to clot and then spinning it down.
Serum can be used for various purposes, including the production of anti-sera containing antibodies.

Learn about the composition of blood, including plasma and formed elements, and their roles in transportation, protection, and regulation. Discover the importance of plasma proteins, hormones, and formed elements like RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.

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