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Questions and Answers

What does HTML stand for?

Hypertext Markup Language

Why is proper syntax important in programming?

  • To ensure the code is written incorrectly
  • To prevent syntax errors (correct)
  • To add complexity to the code
  • To confuse the computer

    • Python variables are used to store and manipulate ______.

    data

    Python variables are statically typed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of functions in Python?

    <p>Perform specific tasks, promote code modularity, improve reusability, enable abstraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Moore's Law state?

    <p>The number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who formulated Moore's Law?

    <p>Gordon Moore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ada Lovelace is widely credited with creating the first computer program.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which programming language was Alan Turing associated with?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RAM provides temporary storage for data that the CPU needs to access ___.

    <p>quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the Excel function with its description:

    <p>MAX = Calculates the highest value in a range of cells MIN = Determines the lowest value in a range of cells SUM = Adds up the values in a range of cells AVERAGE = Calculates the average of the values in a range of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Computing Revision

    Moore's Law

    • Moore's Law states that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years.
    • Formulated by Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, in 1965.
    • Guiding principle for the semiconductor industry and computer technology advancements.
    • Impact on performance and capabilities:
      • Fuelled exponential growth in computing power.
      • Enabled complex calculations and data processing at higher speeds.
      • Facilitated improvements in energy efficiency, allowing for longer battery life in mobile devices.

    Pioneers in Computing

    • Ada Lovelace: credited with creating the first computer program, worked with Charles Babbage on his Analytical Engine.
    • Alan Turing: significant contributions to computer science and AI, key role in cracking the Enigma code during WW2.
    • Steve Jobs and Bill Gates: notable figures in the computer industry, co-founders of Apple and Microsoft, respectively.

    Computer Components

    • CPU (Central Processing Unit):
      • Primary component responsible for processing data and executing instructions.
      • Performs arithmetic, logical, and input/output operations.
    • RAM (Random Access Memory):
      • Provides temporary storage for data that the CPU needs to access quickly.
      • Allows for faster data retrieval compared to other storage devices like hard drives.
    • GPU (Graphics Processing Unit):
      • Primarily responsible for rendering and processing graphics.
      • Optimized for parallel processing and handles complex calculations required for graphic-intensive applications.
    • Motherboard:
      • Vital component that connects and facilitates communication between various hardware components.
      • Houses the CPU, RAM, GPU, and other essential components.
      • Provides expansion slots, connectors, and interfaces for connecting peripherals.

    Data Types

    • Integers (int):
      • Whole numbers without decimal points.
      • Used for counting, indexing, and performing arithmetic operations.
    • Floating-point numbers (float):
      • Real numbers with decimal points.
      • Used when precise decimal values or calculations involving fractions are required.
    • Strings:
      • Determine the nature of data that can be stored and manipulated in a programming language.

    Web Development

    • HTML:
      • Used to structure and present content on web pages.
      • Enclosed in angle brackets (< >) and come in pairs: opening tags and closing tags.
      • Each tag serves a specific purpose and defines the structure or formatting of the content within.
    • CSS (Cascading Style Sheets):
      • External stylesheets are separate CSS files linked to an HTML document using the tag.
      • The href attribute specifies the URL or file path of the external stylesheet.

    Excel Functions

    • MAX: finds the highest value in a range of cells.
    • MIN: finds the lowest value in a range of cells.
    • SUM: adds up the values in a range of cells.
    • AVERAGE: calculates the average of the values in a range of cells.
    • Example of using the MAX function: =MAX(A1:A10) finds the maximum value among cells A1 to A10.

    Programming Concepts

    • Syntax:
      • Refers to the set of rules that govern the structure and composition of a programming language.
      • Defines how statements, expressions, and instructions should be written in a valid and meaningful way.
    • Importance of proper syntax:
      • Ensures that the code is written correctly and can be understood by the computer.
      • Prevents syntax errors, which can prevent the code from being executed successfully.

    Computer Components - Motherboard

    • See above section on Computer Components.

    HTML and Its Role in Web Development

    • Definition of HTML:
      • Stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
      • Standard markup language used for creating web pages and applications.
    • Role of HTML in web development:
      • Creates the structure and layout of web pages.
      • Defines various elements such as headings, paragraphs, lists, images, links, tables, and forms.
      • Works in conjunction with other technologies like CSS and JavaScript to create visually appealing and interactive websites.

    Variables in Python

    • Definition and purpose:
      • Used to store and manipulate data.
      • Act as containers that hold values of different types such as numbers, strings, or Boolean values.
    • Characteristics:
      • Dynamically typed, meaning their type can change during runtime.
      • Allow for temporary or permanent storage of data for later use in programs.

    Indentation in Python

    • Importance of proper indentation:
      • Determines the structure and execution flow of the code.
      • Defines blocks of code and helps in visually representing the code's hierarchy and nesting of statements.
      • Improves code readability and makes it easier to identify logical blocks and control flow structures.
      • Ensures that the code is correctly interpreted by the Python interpreter, avoiding syntax errors and unexpected program behavior.

    Loops and Functions in Python

    • Loops:
      • Not specified in the provided text. See Python documentation for information on loops.
    • Functions in Python:
      • Purpose and benefits:
        • Reusable blocks of code that perform specific tasks.
        • Promote code modularity, making programs easier to understand, debug, and maintain.
        • Improve code reusability by allowing the same logic to be used in different parts of the program.
      • Example of a function that multiplies two numbers:
        • See provided image or Python documentation for examples.

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