How Diagnostics Work: Protein-Based Diagnostics
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Questions and Answers

Which region of an antibody recognizes and binds to other proteins?

  • Heavy chains
  • Variable region (correct)
  • Light chains
  • Constant region

    • What is the part of a protein that an antibody recognizes called?

  • Protein region
  • Epitope (correct)
  • Antibody region
  • Amino acid sequence

    • Which region of an antibody remains constant for every antibody within a species?

  • Variable region
  • Heavy chains
  • Light chains
  • Constant region (correct)

    • Why are antibodies useful as detection reagents?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the specific part of an antigen that an antibody recognizes?

    <p>Epitope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding a second antibody with a label or dye in an ELISA?

    <p>To detect the interaction between the antigen and the first antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the enzyme in an ELISA?

    <p>To carry out a chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the intensity of the color in an ELISA well indicate?

    <p>The amount of antigen present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about protein-based diagnostics?

    <p>Protein-based diagnostics detect the presence or absence of a protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a biomarker?

    <p>A measurable characteristic found in a fluid that reflects the severity or presence of a disease state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is used as an indicator of inflammation?

    <p>C-reactive protein (CRP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are antibodies?

    <p>Proteins made by the B cells of the immune system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ELISA allows for the detection of multiple antigens simultaneously?

    <p>Multiplexed ELISA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of attaching antibodies to beads in a multiplexed ELISA?

    <p>To generate different colors for each antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using multi-well plates in a multiplexed ELISA?

    <p>They allow for the detection of multiple samples simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is evaporation a concern in 1536 well plates in a multiplexed ELISA?

    <p>Evaporation alters the interaction between beads and antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Multiplexed Bead Assays is responsible for capturing the antigen on the bead?

    <p>Layer 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the second antibody in the Multiplexed Bead Assays?

    <p>To capture the antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the discriminator signal in the Multiplexed Bead Assays?

    <p>To detect the epitope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of flow cytometry in the Multiplexed Bead Assays?

    <p>To sort the beads based on color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a physio-chemical characteristic used in protein chromatography?

    <p>Affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the positive control in a pregnancy test?

    <p>To ensure that the antibody is working properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if there is no color change in the control zone of a pregnancy test?

    <p>The test is defective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of protein chromatography?

    <p>To separate proteins from one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of matrix is used in ion exchange chromatography?

    <p>Both positively and negatively charged matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of matrix is used in affinity chromatography?

    <p>Matrix with a particular molecule attached</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stationary phase in column chromatography?

    <p>The column matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mobile phase in column chromatography?

    <p>The protein mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of matrix is used in size exclusion chromatography?

    <p>Matrix with holes or pores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What carries the protein mixture in column chromatography?

    <p>The mobile phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of an antibody remains constant for every antibody within a species?

    <p>Constant region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific part of a protein that an antibody recognizes called?

    <p>Epitope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of attaching antibodies to beads in a multiplexed ELISA?

    <p>To capture the antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if there is no color change in the control zone of a pregnancy test?

    <p>The test is invalid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about ELISA?

    <p>ELISA stands for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the second antibody in an ELISA?

    <p>To detect the interaction between the antigen and the first antibody.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the enzyme in an ELISA?

    <p>To generate a color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the intensity of the color in an ELISA well indicate?

    <p>The presence of an antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a protein-based diagnostic technology discussed in this course?

    <p>Flow cytometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using antibodies in protein-based diagnostics?

    <p>To detect the presence or absence of a protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is mentioned as an example of a biomarker in protein-based diagnostics?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are antibodies?

    <p>Proteins made by the B cells of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate reader can analyze different plate types with different numbers of wells?

    <p>Plate reader with higher quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concern when using 1536 well plates in a multiplexed ELISA?

    <p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using robots in automated multiplexed assays?

    <p>To accurately pipette specific volumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the dye in the inert material of the bead in a multiplexed assay?

    <p>To give a particular color at a particular wavelength of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a physio-chemical characteristic used in protein chromatography?

    <p>Hydrophobicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the control zone in a pregnancy test?

    <p>To ensure the test is working properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the positive control in a protein-based diagnostic test?

    <p>To validate the test's accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the second antibody in the Multiplexed Bead Assays?

    <p>To amplify the signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the Multiplexed Bead Assays?

    <p>The color of the bead indicates the type of antibody attached to it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the second antibody in the home pregnancy test?

    <p>To create a color that can be observed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the specific part of an antigen that an antibody recognizes?

    <p>Epitope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of flow cytometry in the Multiplexed Bead Assays?

    <p>To sort the beads based on color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of matrix is used in ion exchange chromatography?

    <p>Positively charged matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the stationary phase in column chromatography?

    <p>To hold the protein mixture in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if there is no color change in the control zone of a pregnancy test?

    <p>The test is invalid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of an antibody remains constant for every antibody within a species?

    <p>Constant region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of attaching a particular molecule to the matrix in affinity chromatography?

    <p>To capture proteins that recognize the molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the mobile phase in column chromatography?

    <p>To carry the protein mixture over the column</p> Signup and view all the answers

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