How Diagnostics Work: Protein-Based Diagnostics

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Questions and Answers

Which region of an antibody recognizes and binds to other proteins?

  • Heavy chains
  • Variable region (correct)
  • Light chains
  • Constant region

What is the part of a protein that an antibody recognizes called?

  • Protein region
  • Epitope (correct)
  • Antibody region
  • Amino acid sequence

Which region of an antibody remains constant for every antibody within a species?

  • Variable region
  • Heavy chains
  • Light chains
  • Constant region (correct)

Why are antibodies useful as detection reagents?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the specific part of an antigen that an antibody recognizes?

<p>Epitope (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding a second antibody with a label or dye in an ELISA?

<p>To detect the interaction between the antigen and the first antibody (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the enzyme in an ELISA?

<p>To carry out a chemical reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the intensity of the color in an ELISA well indicate?

<p>The amount of antigen present (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about protein-based diagnostics?

<p>Protein-based diagnostics detect the presence or absence of a protein. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a biomarker?

<p>A measurable characteristic found in a fluid that reflects the severity or presence of a disease state. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is used as an indicator of inflammation?

<p>C-reactive protein (CRP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are antibodies?

<p>Proteins made by the B cells of the immune system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ELISA allows for the detection of multiple antigens simultaneously?

<p>Multiplexed ELISA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of attaching antibodies to beads in a multiplexed ELISA?

<p>To generate different colors for each antigen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using multi-well plates in a multiplexed ELISA?

<p>They allow for the detection of multiple samples simultaneously (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is evaporation a concern in 1536 well plates in a multiplexed ELISA?

<p>Evaporation alters the interaction between beads and antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the Multiplexed Bead Assays is responsible for capturing the antigen on the bead?

<p>Layer 3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the second antibody in the Multiplexed Bead Assays?

<p>To capture the antigen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the discriminator signal in the Multiplexed Bead Assays?

<p>To detect the epitope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of flow cytometry in the Multiplexed Bead Assays?

<p>To sort the beads based on color (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a physio-chemical characteristic used in protein chromatography?

<p>Affinity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the positive control in a pregnancy test?

<p>To ensure that the antibody is working properly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if there is no color change in the control zone of a pregnancy test?

<p>The test is defective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of protein chromatography?

<p>To separate proteins from one another (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of matrix is used in ion exchange chromatography?

<p>Both positively and negatively charged matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of matrix is used in affinity chromatography?

<p>Matrix with a particular molecule attached (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stationary phase in column chromatography?

<p>The column matrix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mobile phase in column chromatography?

<p>The protein mixture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of matrix is used in size exclusion chromatography?

<p>Matrix with holes or pores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What carries the protein mixture in column chromatography?

<p>The mobile phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of an antibody remains constant for every antibody within a species?

<p>Constant region (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific part of a protein that an antibody recognizes called?

<p>Epitope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of attaching antibodies to beads in a multiplexed ELISA?

<p>To capture the antigen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if there is no color change in the control zone of a pregnancy test?

<p>The test is invalid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about ELISA?

<p>ELISA stands for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the second antibody in an ELISA?

<p>To detect the interaction between the antigen and the first antibody. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the enzyme in an ELISA?

<p>To generate a color. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the intensity of the color in an ELISA well indicate?

<p>The presence of an antigen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a protein-based diagnostic technology discussed in this course?

<p>Flow cytometry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using antibodies in protein-based diagnostics?

<p>To detect the presence or absence of a protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is mentioned as an example of a biomarker in protein-based diagnostics?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are antibodies?

<p>Proteins made by the B cells of the immune system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plate reader can analyze different plate types with different numbers of wells?

<p>Plate reader with higher quality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern when using 1536 well plates in a multiplexed ELISA?

<p>Evaporation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using robots in automated multiplexed assays?

<p>To accurately pipette specific volumes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the dye in the inert material of the bead in a multiplexed assay?

<p>To give a particular color at a particular wavelength of light (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a physio-chemical characteristic used in protein chromatography?

<p>Hydrophobicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the control zone in a pregnancy test?

<p>To ensure the test is working properly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the positive control in a protein-based diagnostic test?

<p>To validate the test's accuracy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the second antibody in the Multiplexed Bead Assays?

<p>To amplify the signal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the Multiplexed Bead Assays?

<p>The color of the bead indicates the type of antibody attached to it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the second antibody in the home pregnancy test?

<p>To create a color that can be observed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the specific part of an antigen that an antibody recognizes?

<p>Epitope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of flow cytometry in the Multiplexed Bead Assays?

<p>To sort the beads based on color (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of matrix is used in ion exchange chromatography?

<p>Positively charged matrix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the stationary phase in column chromatography?

<p>To hold the protein mixture in place (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if there is no color change in the control zone of a pregnancy test?

<p>The test is invalid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of an antibody remains constant for every antibody within a species?

<p>Constant region (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of attaching a particular molecule to the matrix in affinity chromatography?

<p>To capture proteins that recognize the molecule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the mobile phase in column chromatography?

<p>To carry the protein mixture over the column (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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