Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main cause of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?
What is the main cause of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?
- Maternal infection
- Genetic mutation
- Deficiency of surfactant (correct)
- Lung malformation
When does the respiratory distress typically start in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?
When does the respiratory distress typically start in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?
- During third trimester
- 2nd to 7th day after birth (correct)
- After one month of life
- A few hours after birth
What is the mortality rate in infants weighing less than 1kg with Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?
What is the mortality rate in infants weighing less than 1kg with Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?
- 25%
- 50% (correct)
- 75%
- 100%
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?
How does the incidence and severity of NRDS vary with gestational age?
How does the incidence and severity of NRDS vary with gestational age?
What are the causes and contributing factors of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?
What are the causes and contributing factors of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?
Which of the following can lead to Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS) due to suppressed surfactant production?
Which of the following can lead to Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS) due to suppressed surfactant production?
What is one of the genetic disorders associated with Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?
What is one of the genetic disorders associated with Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?
Which factor contributes to Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS) by inhibiting surfactant production?
Which factor contributes to Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS) by inhibiting surfactant production?
Which condition can lead to Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS) as a result of cold exposure?
Which condition can lead to Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS) as a result of cold exposure?
Which of the following is a consequence of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?
Which of the following is a consequence of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS) is primarily caused by:
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS) is primarily caused by:
Type II pneumocytes are responsible for:
Type II pneumocytes are responsible for:
What happens when there is low surfactant in the airways/lungs?
What happens when there is low surfactant in the airways/lungs?
Which of the following is a consequence of lung collapse in NRDS?
Which of the following is a consequence of lung collapse in NRDS?
What is the effect of hypoxia in NRDS?
What is the effect of hypoxia in NRDS?
What is the consequence of pulmonary vasoconstriction in NRDS?
What is the consequence of pulmonary vasoconstriction in NRDS?
What happens as a result of alveolar epithelial damage in NRDS?
What happens as a result of alveolar epithelial damage in NRDS?
What is the final outcome of fibrinous exudate entering the alveoli in NRDS?
What is the final outcome of fibrinous exudate entering the alveoli in NRDS?
What is the term used to describe the collapse of lung tissue in NRDS?
What is the term used to describe the collapse of lung tissue in NRDS?
Which of the following occurs as a result of NRDS leading to a ventilation-perfusion mismatch?
Which of the following occurs as a result of NRDS leading to a ventilation-perfusion mismatch?
Which of the following can occur as a complication of NRDS?
Which of the following can occur as a complication of NRDS?
What is the term for the proteinaceous material that lines the alveoli in NRDS?
What is the term for the proteinaceous material that lines the alveoli in NRDS?
Which of the following is a consequence of NRDS on lung fluid absorption?
Which of the following is a consequence of NRDS on lung fluid absorption?
What can NRDS potentially cause in terms of the heart?
What can NRDS potentially cause in terms of the heart?
What can result from NRDS in terms of lung tissue?
What can result from NRDS in terms of lung tissue?
Which of the following is a treatment option for Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?
Which of the following is a treatment option for Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?
What is one of the supportive care measures for babies with NRDS?
What is one of the supportive care measures for babies with NRDS?
At what gestational age is betamethasone administered to pre-term mothers?
At what gestational age is betamethasone administered to pre-term mothers?
How does the recovery phase of NRDS in larger premature infants manifest?
How does the recovery phase of NRDS in larger premature infants manifest?
When does endogenous surfactant synthesis begin in larger premature infants?
When does endogenous surfactant synthesis begin in larger premature infants?
Study Notes
Causes and Contributing Factors of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)
- Deficiency of surfactant in the lungs is the main cause of NRDS
- Premature birth, especially before 34 weeks, is a significant contributing factor
- Other contributing factors include maternal diabetes, hypertension, and fetal distress
- Genetic disorders, such as ABCA3 mutations, can also contribute to NRDS
Symptoms and Characteristics of NRDS
- Respiratory distress typically starts immediately after birth or within the first 6 hours
- Mortality rate is high in infants weighing less than 1kg, with a mortality rate of around 50%
- Symptoms of NRDS include tachypnea, grunting, and cyanosis
- Lung collapse and ventilation-perfusion mismatch are common consequences of NRDS
- Hypoxia can lead to pulmonary vasoconstriction, further exacerbating the condition
Pathophysiology of NRDS
- Surfactant deficiency leads to increased surface tension in the lungs, causing alveolar collapse
- Type II pneumocytes are responsible for producing surfactant
- Low surfactant levels in the airways/lungs cause alveolar collapse and atelectasis
- Fibrinous exudate entering the alveoli can lead to the formation of hyaline membranes
- Alveolar epithelial damage can cause further inflammation and damage
Treatment and Supportive Care
- Exogenous surfactant administration is a common treatment option for NRDS
- Supportive care measures include oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and antibiotics
- Betamethasone is administered to pre-term mothers at 28-34 weeks of gestation to stimulate fetal surfactant production
- In larger premature infants, the recovery phase of NRDS often manifests as a gradual improvement in respiratory function
- Endogenous surfactant synthesis begins in larger premature infants around 34 weeks of gestation
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Description
Test your knowledge about the consequences of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS) by answering questions about proteinaceous material in alveoli, complications, ventilation-perfusion mismatch, fibrinous exudate, and alveolar epithelial damage.
