Grants Pass 3

Based on the information provided, how many homeless persons did the district court find were in the City when it certified the class?

At least 600 (correct)
Unknown
Less than 15
More than 60

According to the officer's declaration, how many homeless persons did he claim to be aware of in the City?

At least 600
Less than 50 (correct)
Unknown
More than 60

What is the general understanding about the accuracy of PIT counts in counting homeless persons?

They routinely undercount homeless persons (correct)
It depends on the location
They overcount homeless persons
They accurately count homeless persons

According to the text, what is the definition of 'bedding' as given by the Oxford English Dictionary?

A collective term for the articles which compose a bed (D) Signup and view all the answers

What did the district court conclude about the anti-camping ordinances in relation to homeless persons?

They were unconstitutional as they prohibited homeless persons from taking necessary measures to keep themselves warm and dry while sleeping (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what does the Cruel and Unusual Punishment clause prohibit?

Criminalizing sitting, sleeping, or lying outside on public property for homeless individuals (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the City's argument regarding the enforcement of the anti-camping ordinances?

Sleeping is voluntary conduct for a homeless person (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the reasoning behind the Fourth Circuit's decision in Manning v. Caldwell for City of Roanoke?

The Virginia law provided punishment based on the plaintiffs' status (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the dissent, what is the central holding of Martin?

Local governments may not criminalize involuntary conduct (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the City's revised anti-camping ordinance allow homeless persons to do?

Sleep in City parks without using stoves or lighting fires (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why do the anti-camping ordinances in the text violate the Eighth Amendment?

They prohibit homeless individuals from engaging in activity they cannot avoid (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the commonality requirement for a class to satisfy Rule 23?

There must be at least one question of fact or law common to the class (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between physical and mental illness and homelessness according to the text?

Physical and mental illness are more prevalent among homeless people than in the general population (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main question and answer common to the class in this case according to the text?

Whether the City's enforcement of anti-camping ordinances violates the Eighth Amendment (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why does the City argue that the commonality requirement was not met according to the text?

Because some class members might have alternative housing options (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is a 'fail safe' class?

A class that is defined so narrowly as to preclude membership unless the liability of the defendant is established (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the connection between membership in the class and the success of the underlying claims?

Membership in the class is not affected by the success of the underlying claims (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the requirement for typicality in a class action lawsuit?

The claims or defenses of the representative parties must be typical of the class members (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the difference between class representatives with vehicles and other class members?

Class representatives with vehicles challenge the ordinances in a different manner than other class members (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the City's argument regarding the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause?

The City argues its system of imposing civil fines cannot be challenged as violating the Cruel and Unusual Clause because that clause provides protection only in criminal proceedings, after an individual has been convicted. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the City's response to the Martin v. Boise decision?

The City amended its anti-camping ordinance to allow for 'the act of sleeping' in City parks. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what did the Ingraham v. Wright decision address?

Whether the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause was implicated by corporal punishment in public schools. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary support for the City's contention that civil citations are not 'punishment' under the Eighth Amendment?

Ingraham v. Wright (B) Signup and view all the answers