Grants Pass - Dissent 3

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According to Article III of the Constitution, the judicial power is limited to which of the following?

Preventing injury to persons caused by private or official violation of law

Granting prospective injunctive or declaratory relief

Ensuring attorneys' fees are awarded

Adjudicating cases and controversies (correct)

In order to obtain prospective injunctive or declaratory relief, a plaintiff must demonstrate which of the following?

A threatened injury that is certainly impending

A favorable judicial decision

A request for attorneys' fees

A concrete and particularized injury in fact (correct)

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the Supreme Court's stance on the requirement for threatened injury?

Threatened injury must be conjectural or hypothetical

Allegations of possible future injury are always sufficient

Possible future injury is sufficient to constitute injury in fact

Threatened injury must be certainly impending (correct)

What is the foundation of a (b)(2) class?

The determination of wrongfulness Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, why was certification of a class under Rule 23(b)(2) considered improper in this case?

The applicable law required individualized determinations of liability and remedy Signup and view all the answers

What is required for classwide relief under Rule 23(b)(2)?

A determination of classwide liability Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, who established standing to challenge the ordinances at issue in the district court's judgment?

Blake Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for Blake's claims becoming moot?

Blake passed away Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the class representative in this case?

The class representative had standing at the time of certification Signup and view all the answers

Why is there no need for a remand to substitute a new class member?

The claims can be addressed without a new class representative Signup and view all the answers

Who failed to establish standing for the prospective relief they sought?

Plaintiff Logan Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, who presented facts showing that they continue to violate the anti-camping ordinances and face a credible threat of future enforcement?

Plaintiff Gloria Johnson Signup and view all the answers

Who failed to establish standing to challenge the park-exclusion and criminal-trespass ordinances?

Plaintiff Gloria Johnson Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, who explained that their temporary housing would soon expire and they would become homeless again?

Plaintiff Debra Blake Signup and view all the answers

What is the burden of proof for each element of Article III standing?

The burden of proof is the same as any other matter in the case. Signup and view all the answers

How many individual plaintiffs were named as class representatives?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a plaintiff in a class action to satisfy standing?

At least one named plaintiff must meet the requirements. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the named plaintiff John Logan fail to establish standing?

He did not provide any facts to establish a threat of citation. Signup and view all the answers

Which opinions in Powell did Martin rely on?

The dissenting Justices' opinions Signup and view all the answers

What did the opinions in Powell agree on regarding the Eighth Amendment?

It requires the defendant to prove involuntariness of their conduct Signup and view all the answers

What is the key requirement for class certification under Rule 23(b)(2)?

The defendant's actions must be generally applicable to the class as a whole Signup and view all the answers

When is a class action under Rule 23(b)(2) not appropriate?

When the wrongfulness of the challenged conduct depends on individual circumstances Signup and view all the answers

What are the four requirements a plaintiff must satisfy to obtain certification of a plaintiff class under Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure?

Numerosity, commonality, typicality, and adequate representation Signup and view all the answers

What does the district court rely on to determine if commonality is satisfied in a class action?

Whether the class members' claims depend upon a common contention that is capable of classwide resolution Signup and view all the answers

When does an individualized inquiry need to be conducted to assess whether an Eighth Amendment violation occurs?

When individuals to whom the challenged ordinances are being applied do not have a single place where they can lawfully be Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct interpretation of the district court's commonality and Rule 23(b)(2) analyses according to the text?

Flawed because they are based on an incorrect understanding of the decision in Martin Signup and view all the answers