30 Questions
What was the focus of positivist criminology?
The treatment and rehabilitation of offenders
Who is considered the 'father of criminology'?
Cesare Lombroso
What was the main principle guiding the administration of justice according to the classical school?
The fear of punishment as a deterrent
According to the due process model, what is emphasized in the criminal justice process?
The importance of individual rights
What is a major criticism of the classical school and its modern derivatives?
The assumption that people always act rationally
What analogy is used to describe the crime control model and the due process model?
An assembly line and an obstacle course
What was the main focus of the Positivistic School?
Studying the causes of crime
What is the primary characteristic of positivist criminological thought?
A deterministic view of the world
What is the premise of the positivist school?
Explaining criminal behavior in terms of biological attributes
What was one of the criticisms of the classical school's approach to justice?
It did not address the causes of crime
What was the main problem with the French Code of 1791, according to the text?
It tried to fix an exact amount of penalty to every crime
What was the neoclassical school's response to the practical problems in the administration of justice according to Beccaria's plan?
Several revisions of the classical approach
According to critical criminologists, why are crime rates not a perfect measure of actual criminality in society?
Because they only measure police activity
What did Edwin Sutherland observe about the treatment of people who engage in harmful behavior?
There is a need to address the inequalities in treatment between those in power and those without power
Why do corporations often export their illegal behavior to countries with less stringent laws?
Because they hold tremendous economic and political influence in those locations
What are the three assumptions of the positivist orientation?
Positivists believe that offenders are often driven to crime by biological factors, psychological impulses, and/or an indifferent social environment.
What is the difference between individual positivism and sociological positivism?
Individual positivism is based on theories of a biological and psychological nature, while sociological positivism prefers theories of a social nature.
What are some limitations of the positivist approach?
The positivist approach assumes that pure objectivity is impossible.
According to critical criminology, which groups in society are most likely to suffer oppressive social relations?
Ethnic minority groups and refugees
What is the main criticism of earlier forms of criminology by critical criminologists?
They failed to acknowledge the role of class, race, and gender in shaping definitions of crime and law
What is the main argument of Cohen (1980) regarding the behavior of so-called deviant adolescents?
They are engaged in activity that is meaningful to them and that has been labelled as criminal by dominant groups in society
Which type of crime does the text suggest costs society more than youth offending?
White collar crime
What is one reason the text gives for why white collar crime is not combated as effectively as other crimes?
Fewer resources are dedicated to combating it
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of white collar crime in the text?
Drug trafficking
What is the main benefit that the powerful perpetrators of white collar crime stand to gain from their wrongdoings?
Material advantage
What is one reason that some questionable activities are not criminalized according to the text?
They are considered legal loopholes
Which of the following is an example of a white collar crime according to the text?
Embezzlement
What is one reason that youth offending is a regular source of societal condemnation and moral panic according to the text?
Youth are seen as a threat to social order
What is one consequence of white collar crime according to the text?
Decreased trust in institutions
What is one reason that white collar crime is not as well understood as other types of crime according to the text?
There is not enough research on white collar crime
Test your knowledge of criminology theories with this quiz. Explore the concepts of positivist criminology, the classical school, and the due process and crime control models.
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