Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the potential long-term consequence of language choice for minority languages?
What is the potential long-term consequence of language choice for minority languages?
- Language maintenance
- Language shift or language death (correct)
- Language diversity
- Language revival
What can be a constraint on language choice for individuals in a multilingual community?
What can be a constraint on language choice for individuals in a multilingual community?
- Language proficiency
- Cultural identity
- Economic and political factors (correct)
- Personal preference
Why did Maniben initially use Gujerati at work?
Why did Maniben initially use Gujerati at work?
- Because it was required by her employer
- Because many of her coworkers also spoke Gujerati (correct)
- Because she was not proficient in English
- Because she was not comfortable speaking English
What led to Maniben's shift in language use at work?
What led to Maniben's shift in language use at work?
What is an example of a language maintenance effort?
What is an example of a language maintenance effort?
What is a reason why language maintenance may be difficult for minority language speakers?
What is a reason why language maintenance may be difficult for minority language speakers?
What is a consequence of language shift for individuals?
What is a consequence of language shift for individuals?
What is a factor that influences language choice for migrant minorities?
What is a factor that influences language choice for migrant minorities?
Why do communities often lose their ethnic language?
Why do communities often lose their ethnic language?
What is a prerequisite for success in a society where knowledge of the second language is important?
What is a prerequisite for success in a society where knowledge of the second language is important?
Who tends to lead the shift to another language depending on the society?
Who tends to lead the shift to another language depending on the society?
What is the result of rapid shift to the majority language?
What is the result of rapid shift to the majority language?
What is the role of women in maintaining the minority language in some societies?
What is the role of women in maintaining the minority language in some societies?
Why do young upwardly mobile people shift to the majority language quickly?
Why do young upwardly mobile people shift to the majority language quickly?
What is the outcome of language shift without active language maintenance?
What is the outcome of language shift without active language maintenance?
What is the reason for the shift to German led by young women in Oberwart?
What is the reason for the shift to German led by young women in Oberwart?
What is the term used to describe the process by which one language replaces another in a community?
What is the term used to describe the process by which one language replaces another in a community?
What is the role of the H language in many immigrant communities?
What is the role of the H language in many immigrant communities?
Why is Cantonese not likely to suffer language death?
Why is Cantonese not likely to suffer language death?
What happens when a language is no longer spoken naturally anywhere in the world?
What happens when a language is no longer spoken naturally anywhere in the world?
What is the result of language shift in the domains where the minority language serves L functions?
What is the result of language shift in the domains where the minority language serves L functions?
What is an example of a language that expanded its functions into H domains and became a national language?
What is an example of a language that expanded its functions into H domains and became a national language?
What is a possible outcome when a vigorous L variety expands its functions into H domains?
What is a possible outcome when a vigorous L variety expands its functions into H domains?
What is the status of the H variety in many language shift cases?
What is the status of the H variety in many language shift cases?
Study Notes
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Language Maintenance and Shift
- In a multilingual community, social, economic, and political factors influence language choices, which can lead to language shift or language death.
Language Shift in Different Communities
- Migrant minorities, such as Maniben's family, may shift from their ethnic language to the dominant language of the community, leading to language loss.
Factors Influencing Language Shift
- Economic goals and social success can lead to rapid language shift, especially among young, upwardly mobile individuals.
- Women and men may lead language shift depending on new job opportunities and gender roles in the society.
Language Shift and Language Death
- Language shift refers to the process of one language displacing another in a community's linguistic repertoire.
- Language death occurs when a language is no longer spoken naturally anywhere in the world.
Examples of Language Shift
- English may displace ethnic languages in immigrant communities, such as Cantonese in New Zealand or Britain.
- In Oberwart, German (H variety) is displacing Hungarian (L variety).
- In Sauris, Italian (H variety) displaced the German dialect (L variety).
Language Maintenance and Revival
- Active language maintenance is necessary to prevent language shift and death.
- It is possible for a vigorous L variety to expand its functions and take over H domains, as seen in the example of Indonesian.
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