The Axial & Appendicular Skeleton
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Questions and Answers

Division of skeleton into two groups ?

  • Sphenoid,Parietal
  • vertebral section, Appendicular Skeleton
  • Axial Skeleton, Appendicular Skeleton (correct)
  • Lumbar vertebrae, Thoracic vertebrae

    • Axial Skeleton consist of the following external bones of the cranium

  • Parietal ( two), Temporal (two), Frontal, Occipital, Malleus , Sphenoid
  • Parietal ( two), Temporal (two), Frontal, Occipital, Ethmoid, Sphenoid (correct)
  • Parietal ( two), Temporal (two), Frontal, Lacrimal , Ethmoid, Sphenoid
  • Parietal ( two), Temporal (two), Frontal, Occipital, Ethmoid, Platine

    • Where does the spinal cord exit the skull

  • Frontal, Most caudal bone
  • Temporal, Most caudal bone
  • Occipital bone , Most caudal bone (correct)
  • Parietal, Most caudal bone

    • What is the joints name that connects head with neck?

    <p>Atlantooccipital joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Three tiny but important pairs of bones are hidden inside the middle ear known collectively as the ___________.

    <p>Ossicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bones of ear explained

    <p>Three tiny bones known as = Ossicles. Malleus = (“hammer”) Incus (“Anvil”) = (“Anvil”) Stapes (“Stirrup”) = (“Stirrup”)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Skull - Bones of the , the Axial Skeleton match the correct information

    <p>Incisive bones - = house the upper inscisor teeth Nasal bones - = Form bridge of the nose, huge variety among species and breed in size &amp; shape Maxillary bones - = Make up most of the upper jaw (with the incisive bones). Part of hard palate. Lacrimal bones - = Form part of the eye orbit. House lacrimal duct for tear drainage)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following

    <p>Tympanic bulla = is a thin shell of bone at the bottom of the middle ear. It houses the middle and inner ear. Lacrimal bones - = Form part of the eye orbit. House lacrimal duct for tear drainage) Zygomatic bones - = Form part of eye orbit &amp; join with temporal bones to form zygomatic arches (widest part of skull) Mandible - = Forms lower jaw, only movable skull bone - joins temporal bone at temporomandibular joint (TMJ). House all bottom teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The________________ is a thin _________of bone at the __________of the middle ear. It houses the middle and inner ear. The anatomy is different between _______ and ______ The thin bone surrounds the _________ cavity and can become infected

    <p>Tympanic bulla, shell , bottom , dogs , cats , tympanic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    hyoid bone characteristics ?

    <p>Located high in the neck, just above the larynx, between the caudal ends of the mandible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _________ supports the_________ of the tongue, the , and the __________ and helps the animal swallow.

    <p>hyoid bone, base , pharynx ,larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is usually referred to as a single bone, but it is composed of several individual portions united by cartilage.

    <p>Hyoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Spinal Column also known as ?

    <p>Vertebral Column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spinal column made up of ?

    <p>Made up of individual irregular bones - vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    what is the sections of the spinal column ?

    <p>Cervical vertebrae (7),thoracic vertebrae (12),Lumbar vertebrae (5),Sacral vertebrae (1), Coccygeal vertebrae (1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vertebrae explained, choose the right answers

    <p>Vertebrae are separated by intervertebral discs (fibrocartilage) - shock absorbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Spinal Column in The arch houses the spinal cord.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vertebra characteristics are , The processes are sites for muscle ___________ and provide_______ for movement.

    <p>attachment, leverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The single,_______ projecting _________ process and the two _______projecting transverse processes vary in size among vertebrae.

    <p>dorsally , spinous, laterally,</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Spinal Column - Cervical Vertebrae

    <p>7 in dogs and cats, Atlas has “Wings of the Atlas”</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thoracic Vertebrae

    <p>Animals usually have the same number as pairs of ribs, Have very tall, spinous processes, Their lateral facets form joints with the ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lumbar Vertebra

    <p>Dorsal to abdominal region, Have large, bulky bodies to support the abdominal contents (compared with the thoracic vertebrae which have the support of the ribs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sacral Vertebrae, Forms a_____ with the pelvis on each side called the ___________ . Sacral vertebrae are unique in that they fuse to form a single solid structure called the __________.

    <p>joint, sacroiliac joint , sacrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Appendicular Skeleton

    <p>The forelimb = thoracic limb The hindlimb is = pelvic limb Ulna = Forms the Antebrachium (forearm) with the radius Humerus = The long bone of the upper arm (brachium)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    These bones are numbered instead of named, starting at the medial side and working laterally.

    <p>Carpus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each digit is made up of 2-3 bones called *(singular = phalynx).___________the individual bones that make up the digits.

    <p>Phalanges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cats and dogs have another type of bone within their paws besides phalanges, carpals, metacarpals

    <p>phalanges, carpals, sesamoid, metacarpals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The calcaneal tuberosity of the fibular tarsal bone projects upward and backward to form the point of the hock

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______________ of the fibular tarsal bone projects upward and backward to form the point of the hock

    <p>calcaneal tuberosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibula

    <p>It does not support any significant weight but mainly serves as a muscle attachment site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    FActs about patella

    <p>largest sesamoid bone in the body, It helps protect the tendon as it passes down over the trochlea of the femur to insert on the tibial crest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match correct bones with their explanation

    <p>Obturator foramina: = Large holes on either side of the pelvic symphysis. Acetabulum: = The three bones of the pelvis come together here to form the concave ball-and-socket hip joint that tightly encloses the head of the femur. Pelvic/Pubic Symphysis: = Cartilaginous joint that ossifies with age and joins the two sides of the pelvis together ventrally. Pelvis - Pubis = Located medially and forms the cranial portion of the pelvic floor, while the ischium forms the caudal part.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Axial Skeleton

    • Consists of the external bones of the cranium
    • The spinal cord exits the skull through the foramen magnum
    • The joint that connects the head with the neck is the atlanto-occipital joint

    Middle Ear Bones

    • The three tiny but important pairs of bones are known collectively as the ossicles
    • Ossicles are hidden inside the middle ear
    • The ossicles consist of the malleus, incus, and stapes

    Skull

    • The bony labyrinth is a thin layer of bone at the base of the middle ear
    • It houses the middle and inner ear
    • The anatomy of the bony labyrinth is different between humans and other animals
    • The bony labyrinth surrounds the tympanic cavity and can become infected

    Hyoid Bone

    • The hyoid bone supports the tongue, larynx, and trachea
    • It helps the animal swallow
    • The hyoid bone is usually referred to as a single bone, but it is composed of several individual portions united by cartilage

    Spinal Column

    • Also known as the vertebral column
    • Made up of 33 vertebrae
    • The sections of the spinal column are:
      • Cervical vertebrae (7)
      • Thoracic vertebrae (12)
      • Lumbar vertebrae (5)
      • Sacral vertebrae (5)
      • Coccygeal vertebrae (4)
    • The arch of the vertebrae houses the spinal cord
    • Vertebrae characteristics are:
      • Processes are sites for muscle attachment and provide leverage for movement
      • The single, spinous projecting dorsal process and the two transverse processes vary in size among vertebrae

    Sacral Vertebrae

    • Forms a pelvis on each side called the sacroiliac joint
    • Sacral vertebrae are unique in that they fuse to form a single solid structure called the sacrum

    Appendicular Skeleton

    • The bones of the appendicular skeleton are numbered instead of named, starting at the medial side and working laterally
    • Each digit is made up of 2-3 bones called phalanges
    • The individual bones that make up the digits are metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges
    • Cats and dogs have another type of bone within their paws besides phalanges, carpals, and metacarpals
    • The calcaneal tuberosity of the fibular tarsal bone projects upward and backward to form the point of the hock

    Fibula and Patella

    • The fibula is a bone in the lower leg
    • The patella is a small bone at the front of the knee joint

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