Biology: Chromosomes and Microbodies

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Questions and Answers

What is the main component of chromatin?

DNA

How long is the thread of DNA present in a single human cell?

Approximately two meters

What is the primary constriction of a chromosome called?

Centromere

What are the disc-shaped structures present on the sides of the centromere called?

<p>Kinetochores</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many types of chromosomes can be classified based on the position of the centromere?

<p>Four types</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of chromosome has the centromere situated close to its end?

<p>Acrocentric chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gives the appearance of a small fragment called the satellite on some chromosomes?

<p>Non-staining secondary constrictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are microbodies and where are they found?

<p>Membrane-bound minute vesicles containing various enzymes, present in both plant and animal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the components of a typical eukaryotic cell.

<p>Cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endomembrane system in a cell?

<p>Facilitates transport of molecules and coordination of cellular activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of centrosome and centriole in a cell?

<p>Form the basal body of cilia and flagella, facilitating locomotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major role does the nucleus play in a cell?

<p>Controls the activities of organelles and plays a significant role in heredity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic material like in typical bacteria?

<p>Genetic material is basically naked, not enveloped by a nuclear membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the small circular DNA molecules found in some bacteria outside the genomic DNA?

<p>PPLO plasmids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of prokaryotic cells in terms of inclusions?

<p>Prokaryotes have inclusions, such as mesosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the cell envelope structure in most prokaryotic cells.

<p>The cell envelope consists of glycocalyx, cell wall, and plasma membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of the plasmid DNA found in bacteria outside the genomic DNA?

<p>About 0.1 mm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mesosomes in prokaryotic cells?

<p>Mesosomes are essentially infoldings of the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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