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Biology: Chromosomes and Microbodies

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Questions and Answers

What is the main component of chromatin?

DNA

How long is the thread of DNA present in a single human cell?

Approximately two meters

What is the primary constriction of a chromosome called?

Centromere

What are the disc-shaped structures present on the sides of the centromere called?

Kinetochores Signup and view all the answers

How many types of chromosomes can be classified based on the position of the centromere?

Four types Signup and view all the answers

What type of chromosome has the centromere situated close to its end?

Acrocentric chromosome Signup and view all the answers

What gives the appearance of a small fragment called the satellite on some chromosomes?

Non-staining secondary constrictions Signup and view all the answers

What are microbodies and where are they found?

Membrane-bound minute vesicles containing various enzymes, present in both plant and animal cells. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the components of a typical eukaryotic cell.

Cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endomembrane system in a cell?

Facilitates transport of molecules and coordination of cellular activities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of centrosome and centriole in a cell?

Form the basal body of cilia and flagella, facilitating locomotion. Signup and view all the answers

What major role does the nucleus play in a cell?

Controls the activities of organelles and plays a significant role in heredity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic material like in typical bacteria?

Genetic material is basically naked, not enveloped by a nuclear membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What are the small circular DNA molecules found in some bacteria outside the genomic DNA?

PPLO plasmids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of prokaryotic cells in terms of inclusions?

Prokaryotes have inclusions, such as mesosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the cell envelope structure in most prokaryotic cells.

The cell envelope consists of glycocalyx, cell wall, and plasma membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of the plasmid DNA found in bacteria outside the genomic DNA?

About 0.1 mm. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mesosomes in prokaryotic cells?

Mesosomes are essentially infoldings of the cell membrane. Signup and view all the answers