CEST-CE Term_2 GNU/LINUX (Week 5)
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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum size of a disk supported by the MBR partition table?

  • 1TB
  • 2TB (correct)
  • 10TB
  • 5TB

    • What is the purpose of an extended partition?

  • To boot an OS
  • To store system files
  • To store data
  • To contain logical partitions (correct)

    • What is the naming convention for SATA/SCSI storage devices in Linux?

  • /dev/storageX
  • /dev/sdX (correct)
  • /dev/hdX
  • /dev/diskX

    • What is the purpose of a file system?

    <p>To store files and data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the command-line tool used to create partition tables and partition disks in Linux?

    <p>fdisk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of creating a file system inside a partition?

    <p>To allow the OS to store files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the naming convention for partitions on a storage device in Linux?

    <p>/dev/sdXN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of partition is used for data storage?

    <p>Logical partition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual form of the device name used in file system creation?

    <p>/dev/sdXN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not checked by the mkfs commands?

    <p>The type of partition in the partition table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the mkswap command?

    <p>To initialize a Linux partition as a swap partition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of not specifying the correct device name when using mkfs?

    <p>The existing data in the partition will be destroyed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fsck command?

    <p>To check a file system for inconsistencies or errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you run the mkswap command on an existing partition?

    <p>The partition is initialized as a swap partition, destroying any existing data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the swapon command?

    <p>To connect a swap area to the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you create a partition with fdisk?

    <p>Nothing is done to the partition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you list all currently active swap areas?

    <p>Using the swapon -s command</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using journalling file systems?

    <p>They are more resistant to power loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the file -s command?

    <p>To find a file system inside a disk partition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the swapoff command?

    <p>To deactivate a swap area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you create a file system with mkfs?

    <p>The file system is created but not mounted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you run the swapon -a command?

    <p>All partitions in /etc/fstab marked as swap are connected and used as swap areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to partitions in /etc/fstab marked as swap at boot time?

    <p>They are automatically connected and used as swap areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the -a option with the swapoff command?

    <p>To disconnect all active swap areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you specify the device name or mount point to the mount command if the file system is listed in the fstab?

    <p>The mount command will read the other information for the mount from the /etc/fstab file.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the swap partition?

    <p>To implement Unix/Linux Virtual Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the default option for mounting file systems specified in the fstab?

    <p>auto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What option in the fstab file allows a non-root user to mount and unmount a file system?

    <p>user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of setting the partition type ID to Linux Swap when creating a swap partition?

    <p>To document that the partition is a swap partition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the default mount option for file systems specified in the fstab?

    <p>rw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to create a swap partition?

    <p>fdisk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the noauto option in the fstab file?

    <p>The file system will be ignored by the mount -a command</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of file system is suitable for USB keys, floppy disks, and Microsoft compatibility?

    <p>vfat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to create a file system on a partition?

    <p>mkfs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of file system is created by default if no type is specified?

    <p>ext2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must exist before creating a file system?

    <p>A partition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of file system is recommended for modern Linux hard disk systems?

    <p>ext4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the /usr directory?

    <p>Operating system, application, and documentation files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of file system is suitable for journaling?

    <p>ext4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum requirement for mounting a file system?

    <p>A file system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Partition Table and Partitioning

    • Partitioning is the process of dividing a storage device into multiple partitions.
    • The partition table contains information about the partitions, including the range of sectors used by each partition.

    Partition Table Types

    • MBR (Master Boot Record) partition table supports disks up to 2TB in size and allows for:
      • Up to 4 primary partitions (where an OS can be booted from)
      • One of the primary partitions can be an extended partition
      • Extended partition is a container for logical partitions (used for data storage)

    Devices and Partitions in Linux

    • Devices in Linux can be found under the /dev directory.
    • Disks and partitions follow specific naming conventions:
      • SATA/SCSI storage devices are named /dev/sdX where X is the device letter (e.g., /dev/sdd is the 4th storage device)
      • Partitions on a storage device are numbered /dev/sdXN where N is the partition number (e.g., /dev/sdb3 is the 3rd partition on the 2nd storage device)

    Partitioning in Linux

    • The fdisk program can create partition tables and partition disks.
    • A usage example is available on the Linux Documentation Project.

    File Systems

    • Creating a partition using fdisk only divides the space on a disk; it doesn't create a file system.
    • A file system is needed to store content inside the partition.
    • A file system is a way of storing content inside a disk partition, and there are many types of file systems, each with different characteristics.
    • Linux supports a huge number of file systems.

    Creating a File System

    • Use mkfs to create a file system on a partition.
    • Example: mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda1 creates an ext4 file system on the 1st disk, 1st partition.

    Mounting a File System

    • Use mount to mount a file system.
    • The fstab file contains information about the file system, including the device name, mount point, and options.
    • Example: mount /dev/sda1 mounts the file system on the 1st disk, 1st partition.

    Swap Partitions

    • A swap partition is used to hold memory pages for Unix/Linux Virtual Memory.
    • The swap partition needs to be created and initialized using fdisk and mkswap.
    • Example: mkswap /dev/sdb9 initializes a swap partition on the 2nd disk, 9th partition.

    Virtual Memory

    • Virtual memory is implemented using swap partitions.
    • Swap partitions are usually only one per system, but systems with a lot of memory may have more.

    Creating and Using Swap Partitions

    • Step 1: Create the partition using fdisk.
    • Step 2: Initialize the swap area using mkswap.
    • Step 3: Connect the swap area to the system using swapon.
    • Use swapon -s to display currently active swap partitions.
    • Use swapon -a to connect all swap partitions listed in fstab.

    Choosing a File System Type

    • Journalling file systems (e.g., ext4) are more resistant to corruption due to sudden power loss.
    • Use mkfs with the -t option to specify the file system type (e.g., mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda1).

    File System Organization

    • The file system organization is as follows:
      • /opt: Optional software, installed outside the package management system.
      • /proc: Virtual file system, can be used to read kernel and process information.
      • /root: The home directory for the root account.
      • /sys: Virtual file system, information on the system and its components.
      • /tmp: Temporary files, for short-term storage.
      • /usr: Operating system, application, and documentation files.
      • /usr/bin: User commands applications, can be executed by regular users.
      • /usr/sbin: Admin commands applications, need to be root to run.
      • /var: Files expected to be changing often (variable content).

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