Cardiovascular Diseases Quiz

Cardiovascular Diseases

• Angina pectoris is a condition characterized by chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia.

Heart Failure

• Congestive heart failure is a condition where the heart fails to pump sufficiently to meet the demands of the body.

Left-Side Heart Failure

• Symptoms of left-side heart failure include:
  • Fatigue
  • Confusion
  • Pale, dusky, cyanotic, and cool skin
  • Left ventricular heaves
  • Pulsus alternans
  • Increased heart rate
  • Displaced PMI
  • S3 and S4 sounds
  • Dyspnea
  • Crackles
  • Orthopnea
  • Dry, hacking cough
  • Nocturia

Right-Side Heart Failure

• Symptoms of right-side heart failure include:
  • Fatigue
  • Weight gain
  • Confusion
  • Pale and cool skin
  • Neck vein distention
  • Tachycardia
  • Right ventricular heaves
  • Murmurs
  • S3 sound
  • Right-sided pleural effusion
  • Anorexia
  • Bloating
  • Right-upper quadrant tenderness
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Ascites
  • Edema
  • Diminished hair growth

Coronary Artery Disease

• Coronary artery disease is a progressive narrowing of the coronary arteries, primarily caused by atherosclerosis.

Pericarditis

• Pericarditis is an inflammation of the visceral or parietal pericardium.

Skeletal System

• Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tendons
• The outer covering of the skeleton that contains osteoblasts and blood vessels is the periosteum
• The skeleton has an important role in increasing the levels of blood cells
• The adult axial and appendicular skeleton consists of 206 bones
• Joints can be classified as cartilaginous, synovial, or fibrous
• Extension refers to the straightening of the extremity and increasing the angle of the joint
• Rotator cuff tendonitis is a possible diagnosis for a patient with chronic pain and severe limitation of shoulder movements

Muscular System

• The muscular system assists the body with posture and facilitates movements
• The heart, made up of cardiac muscle tissues, is the main pumping organ of the body
• Abduction refers to the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body
• Protraction refers to a skeletal movement forward

Bone-Related Terms

• Osteoclasts break down old bone tissue
• Bone marrow is responsible for the production of new blood cells
• Yellow marrow is composed of fat and is found in the bones
• Osteoblasts are responsible for the formation of new bone tissue
• Hematopoiesis refers to the area of blood cell production

Abdominal Assessment

• The colon originates in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen
• Observed and recorded dark bluish-pink striae are an indication of Cushing syndrome
• Abdominal contour deviations from the normal include distention below the umbilicus indicating uterine enlargement, deviation in the right upper quadrant indicating pancreatic mass, and generalized enlargement of the abdomen due to fluid accumulation
• When assessing the abdomen, the nurse must position the patient in the supine position
• A healthy or normal scar is pale and smooth

Abdominal Organs

• The pancreas is not covered in the peritoneum and held in place by the mesentery
• To palpate the spleen, the nurse should begin the abdominal assessment at the left upper quadrant
• Purple discoloration indicates bleeding within the abdominal wall
• To percuss the liver, the nurse should begin the abdominal assessment at the patient's right upper quadrant
• The primary function of the gallbladder is to store and excrete bile
• The sigmoid colon is located in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen