Python Object-oriented Programming Concepts Quiz

Object-Oriented Programming Concepts

• OOP concepts include classes, objects, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

Classes and Objects

• A class is a blueprint for creating objects.
• An object is an instance of a class, with its own set of attributes and methods.

Abstraction and Encapsulation

• Abstraction: showing only necessary information to the outside world.
• Encapsulation: bundling data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit.

Inheritance

• Inheritance: a child class inherits properties and behavior from a parent class.
• Types of inheritance:
  • Single inheritance: a child class inherits from one parent class.
  • Multi-level inheritance: a child class inherits from a parent class, which itself inherits from another parent class.
  • Multiple inheritance: a child class inherits from multiple parent classes.

Polymorphism

• Polymorphism: an object can take on multiple forms.
• Types of polymorphism:
  • Method overloading: multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.
  • Method overriding: a child class provides a specific implementation of a method already defined in its parent class.
  • Operator overloading: redefining operators for custom classes.

Classes in Python

• A class in Python is defined using the class keyword.
• Class attributes: class-level variables shared by all instances of the class.
• Instance methods: methods that operate on individual objects.

Constructors and Memory Management

• Constructors: special methods that initialize objects when they're created.
• Constructors can have parameters, optional parameters, and default values.
• Memory management: Python's garbage collector automatically manages memory for objects.

Inheritance and Access Modifiers

• Inheritance allows a child class to access elements of its parent class.
• Access modifiers: public, private, and protected keywords control access to class elements.

Exception Handling

• Exceptions: errors that occur during program execution.
• Types of exceptions:
  • Syntax errors: errors in the code syntax.
  • Built-in exceptions: errors raised by Python's built-in functions.
• Exception handling: using try, except, else, and finally blocks to catch and handle exceptions.
• Raising exceptions: using the raise keyword to manually raise an exception.

Data Streaming and Buffering

• Serial data: data transmitted one bit at a time.
• I/O streams and buffers: managing input and output operations.
• Access modes: read-only ('r'), write-only ('w'), and read-write ('r+') modes.
• File operations:
  • File open: opening a file for reading or writing.
  • File close: closing a file to free up resources.
  • Writing to files: using the write() method.
  • Reading from files: using the read(), readline(), and readlines() methods.
  • Renaming and deleting files: using the os module.