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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of osteoporosis?

  • Reduction of bone mass density with micro-architectural alteration (correct)
  • Imbalance between osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity
  • Disruption of normal balance of bone breakdown and build up
  • Increased bone mass density with micro-architectural alteration
  • What is the role of osteoclasts in bone health?

  • Bone resorption (correct)
  • Bone growth
  • Bone repair
  • Bone formation
  • What is the effect of calcitonin on osteoclasts?

  • Has no effect on osteoclasts
  • Inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption (correct)
  • Stimulates osteoclastic bone resorption
  • Enhances osteoblastic activity
  • What is the normal rate of bone loss per year after peak bone mass in the 20s?

    <p>0.5%/year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate of bone loss per year during the first 5 years after menopause?

    <p>5%/year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for osteoporosis that cannot be changed?

    <p>Gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common site of fracture in osteoporosis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of women who will suffer a vertebral fracture by age 65?

    <p>One third</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    What is Osteoporosis?

    • Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by a reduction in bone mass density with micro-architectural alteration, leading to increased bone fragility.
    • It involves an imbalance between osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity, resulting in defective bone remodeling.
    • Osteoporosis is marked by a loss of total mineralized bone and a disruption of the normal balance between bone breakdown and buildup.

    Bone Remodeling Process

    • Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption, which is stimulated by Parathyroid Hormone (PTH).
    • Calcitonin inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption.

    Mechanisms of Osteoporosis

    • Slowdown of bone buildup: osteoporosis is commonly seen in older women.
    • Accelerated bone breakdown: postmenopausal women experience a rapid loss of bone density, with a normal loss of 0.5% per year after peak bone mass in the 20s and up to 5% loss per year during the first 5 years after menopause.

    Risk Factors for Osteoporosis

    • Unchangeable risk factors:
      • Gender
      • Heredity
      • Age
      • Fracture history
      • Medical conditions (e.g., hyperthyroidism, parathyroidism)
      • Medications for chronic diseases (e.g., steroids)
    • Modifiable risk factors:
      • Calcium consumption
      • Vitamin D intake
      • Smoking or vaping
      • Alcohol consumption
      • Physical activity
      • Posture
      • Low body weight (BMI < 20)
      • Certain medications

    Complications of Osteoporosis

    • Fractures are a common complication of osteoporosis, with the most common sites being the vertebrae, femur neck, and distal radius.
    • One-third of women will suffer a vertebral fracture after the age of 65 and a hip fracture by the age of 90.

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