CET-CS Term_2 GNU/LINUX Week 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of an Operating System?

  • To run applications for common tasks
  • To rewrite the Unix operating system
  • To manage the computer hardware (correct)
  • To develop software for proprietary use

    • What was the purpose of Unix in the 1970s?

  • To create a virtual machine
  • To create a proprietary operating system
  • To develop a free operating system
  • To allow multiple users to share selected parts of a project (correct)

    • What is Linux?

  • A proprietary operating system developed by Bell Labs
  • A Unix-like operating system developed by Linus Torvalds (correct)
  • A free operating system developed by GNU
  • A Unix-like operating system developed by Richard Stallman

    • Why is Linux widely used in industry?

    <p>Because it is a free operating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the GNU project?

    <p>A modern rewrite of the Unix operating system and utilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Virtual Machine?

    <p>To emulate a guest operating system on a host machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between Linux and GNU?

    <p>A Linux distribution is a Linux kernel bundled with GNU utilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the HURD?

    <p>The GNU O/S kernel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a host machine and a guest machine in a Virtual Machine?

    <p>The host machine is the physical machine, while the guest machine is the virtual machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of Linux?

    <p>It is a free operating system, allowing users to study, modify and redistribute it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using a virtual machine for learning?

    <p>Seamless switching between OS installations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a shell?

    <p>To find and run programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the $PATH environment variable in a shell?

    <p>To locate executable files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a snapshot in a virtual machine?

    <p>A backup of the VM state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the $ symbol in command lines?

    <p>It represents the shell prompt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do shells facilitate command input?

    <p>Through command and filename completion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between a shell and programs?

    <p>A shell is a program that runs other programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of using a virtual machine for learning Linux?

    <p>Safe environment for making mistakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the n key in the manual page search?

    <p>To repeat a search if the first result isn't what you're looking for</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the shell history feature?

    <p>It recalls and edits previous commands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the command to access the manual page for the 'date' command?

    <p><strong>$ man date</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using a virtual machine for running multiple OS installations?

    <p>Easy creation and removal of OS installations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the man intro command?

    <p>To provide a useful start page and command introduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you find out what the -p option to the mkdir command does?

    <p>Open the man page for mkdir and perform a text search for the -p option</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What character is used to initiate a text search for an option name in the manual page?

    <p><strong>/</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the manual page?

    <p>To provide information about a specific command or topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the command to access the manual page for the 'man' command itself?

    <p><strong>$ man man</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to access the manual page for a specific command?

    <p>Use the command <strong>$ man command</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What topic does the man intro command cover?

    <p>Pathnames and the current directory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the man command?

    <p>To provide information about a specific command or topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Operating System (OS)

    • An OS is a software that runs on a computational device and manages computer hardware, allowing multiple programs to use it.
    • It manages hardware resources such as memory, CPU, and peripherals.

    Unix

    • Developed by researchers at Bell Labs in the 1970s.
    • Allows multiple users to share selected parts of a project while keeping others private.
    • Its source code is proprietary and was licensed to universities.

    Linux

    • A Unix-like OS originally developed by Linus Torvalds.
    • A free and open-source OS that can be studied, modified, and redistributed.
    • Available everywhere, including Android phones, Google, Facebook, and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).

    GNU (Gnu's Not Unix)

    • A modern rewrite of the Unix operating system and utilities from the 1970s.
    • A free software foundation (FSF) project.
    • The GNU OS kernel, named HURD, hasn't progressed very far.

    Linux Distribution

    • A Linux kernel bundled with GNU utilities.

    Virtual Machine

    • A "computer" running with selected hardware specifications within a physical computer.
    • The host machine is the physical computer, and the guest is the virtual machine.
    • Emulation is used when the hardware required to run the guest OS doesn't exist on the host.
    • Virtualization allows existing hardware for both the host and guest, if the hardware sufficiently matches.

    Learning Linux on a Virtual Machine

    • Advantages of using a virtual machine for learning include:
      • Running and switching between OS seamlessly without restarting.
      • Easy creation and removal of OS installations.
      • A safe environment for making mistakes with snapshot capabilities.

    Shell Basics

    Typing Command Lines

    • Each command line begins with a $ symbol, indicating the shell prompt.
    • The shell prompt is not typed; it's a convention to indicate where the command should enter.
    • The actual output of the command, if included, is not preceded by the shell prompt.

    What is a Shell For?

    • A shell finds and runs programs, also known as processes, commands, or utilities.
    • A shell is a program that finds and runs other programs.
    • Shells don't do mathematics well, so programming is an aid to find and run programs.

    How does the Shell Find and Run Commands

    • The shell uses the $PATH environment variable to locate executable files.
    • The shell offers efficient ways to edit command lines, enabling quick modifications.
    • The shell facilitates command and filename completion for faster input.
    • A built-in history feature recalls and edits previous commands, saving time.

    Using the man Command

    • Use the man command with single command names or topics as arguments to access manual pages.
    • Use man intro for a useful start page and command introduction.
    • Use man with command names, such as man date or man ls, to access specific manual pages.
    • Use the slash (/) character to initiate a text search within a manual page.

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