Preventing Aggressive Behavior

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of time do Blacks maintain eye contact?

30% of time (correct)

45% of time

18% of time

25% of time

What may be perceived as overconfidence or a challenge if the person is shorter?

Reducing eye contact

Maintaining eye contact (correct)

Breaking eye contact

Direct, uninterrupted eye contact

What is indicated by a person's widened eyes with the whites showing?

Distress or sadness

Anger or aggression

Surprise or fear (correct)

Submission or anxiety

What is the primary source of information for humans?

Eyes Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible interpretation of a person's glazing, empty eyes?

Drugs, alcohol, medical problems Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of direct, uninterrupted eye contact?

To feel assertive or confident Signup and view all the answers

What does a person's quivering lips indicate?

Signs of anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What is the interpretation of a person's shoulders being forward?

Submission or non-aggression Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a person's palms being closed fists?

Aggression or assertion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of non-verbal communication in a conversation?

To indicate concern, support, or authority Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why a person may become aggressive when cornered?

They feel trapped and have no means of escape Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended way to sit when interacting with a subject?

Blading at a 45-degree angle Signup and view all the answers

What is the result when a person is cornered?

They have three options: resist, submit, or flee Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of repeating what the subject has said?

To show interest and active listening Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended tone of voice when communicating with a subject?

Calm and reassuring Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of expanding the body to make it appear larger?

It is a sign of aggression Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended way to ask questions?

In a non-threatening manner Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using phrases like 'Sir, please leave or we will have to..'

To give the subject simple options Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a person's body is shifted away from you?

It is a sign of escape or searching for a weapon Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for maneuvering your body to force the subject to move away from you toward a door or between you and another person?

Exit Cornering Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of conflict that people go through during conflict?

Anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of active listening in conflict management?

To reduce the other person's anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What is a physical signal of someone losing control verbally?

Prolonged eye contact Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of management in the second stage of conflict?

To get the aggressor back to stage one Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the body when it prepares for 'fight or flight'?

Adrenaline is released Signup and view all the answers

What is a common trigger for the first stage of conflict?

Fear Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of unsuccessful threats and counter-threats in the second stage of conflict?

Physical action occurs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of allowing the subject to vent in conflict management?

To reduce internal pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is a physical signal of anxiety in the first stage of conflict?

Veins appearing in the face, neck, and throat Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of being assertive and non-threatening in conflict management?

To show you are not afraid but supportive Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indicator that an assault is imminent?

The person is exhibiting a cluster of signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using loud, positive commands in a confrontational situation?

To distract the aggressor Signup and view all the answers

What is a signal of submission in an aggressor?

Putting hands up, palms out Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of re-directed activity in a confrontational situation?

To release aggression on a less intimidating object Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when using force options?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an aggressor's parasympathetic nervous system takes over?

The aggressor becomes more submissive Signup and view all the answers

What is a common result of an aggressor releasing aggression on a less intimidating object?

The situation de-escalates Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important word in the dictionary according to the passage?

Joe/Mary Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using 'we' in conversation?

It reduces anxiety and increases chances of compliance Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to justify your actions when using force?

To prevent successful lawsuits Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of communication that is verbal?

10% Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended way to give commands in a high-stress situation?

Using short, loud, and positive commands Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using positive commands?

They delay the person's planning and give time to act Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using loud and positive voice commands in a high-stress situation?

It increases oxygen intake Signup and view all the answers

What is active listening?

A system of opening and maintaining communications through empathy, listening, paralanguage, and body language Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of active listening?

To show that you are concerned and care about the person's problems Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended way to respond to someone who is speaking?

By trying to understand the message being conveyed Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of body language in active listening?

It shows that you are interested and concerned Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of this lesson plan?

To provide recruits with the skills to identify and diffuse aggressive behavior Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of communication is non-verbal?

The exact percentage is not specified in the text Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of having an assertive attitude when communicating with the public?

It enables effective communication and diffusion of aggression Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of active listening skills in this context?

To identify and diffuse anxiety behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'gut' feeling in the context of this lesson plan?

A instinctive sense of danger or risk Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the intervention techniques in this lesson plan?

To diffuse aggressive behavior through communication and diversionary techniques Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the intervention response for behaviors such as anxiety, verbal aggression, and physical violence?

To diffuse the situation as low on the force continuum as possible Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the discussion on diversionary techniques?

To counter physical assault Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of utilizing an assertive attitude while communicating with the public?

To establish an atmosphere of honesty, respect, and trust Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of active listening skills?

To create the impression that the officer is concerned and wants to listen Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate response to anxiety behavior?

Supportive Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of diversionary techniques?

To counter physical assault Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of establishing a win-win interaction?

People tend to be more cooperative in the future Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the skills to be identified and demonstrated in active listening?

Paralanguage, kinesics, and empathetic behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of identifying external clues in verbal aggression?

To anticipate and prepare for verbal aggression Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of setting reasonable limits to subject behavior?

To prevent escalation of the situation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of practicing body movements in defensive tactics?

To prepare for potential physical assault Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of having a mental plan of what to do if violence occurs?

To anticipate and prepare for potential violence Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of taking three deep breaths?

To increase oxygen and relax Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended distance to approach someone?

Four to six feet Signup and view all the answers

What does maintaining eye contact for 45% of the time indicate?

Confidence and authority Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended body position when approaching someone?

Standing at a 45-degree angle with feet shoulder-width apart Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of personal and cultural needs of people and the interaction of space and communications?

Proxemics Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended hand position when approaching someone?

Hands at waist level with palms up Signup and view all the answers

What is the personal zone distance for males in American society?

Eighteen inches to three feet Signup and view all the answers

What can breaking eye contact as little as a 40th of a second indicate?

Insecurity Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action when someone is down?

Approach from the side Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the 'Thinker' or 'Jack Benny' position?

To appear non-threatening Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Preventing and Diffusing Aggressive Behavior

The lesson aims to provide recruits with the basic skills to identify and manage aggressive behavior, using communication and behavioral tools to prevent or diffuse aggression.

Characteristics of Assertive Attitude

An assertive attitude is characterized by a win-win interaction, where the officer and the subject both benefit.
Benefits of an assertive attitude include:
- Establishing an atmosphere of honesty, respect, and trust.
- Long-range benefits of increased cooperation in the future.

Active Listening Skills

Empathetic skills are essential for active listening, creating an impression of concern and willingness to listen to the subject.
Key skills to demonstrate:
- Body language (e.g., open palms, uncrossed arms).
- Paralanguage (e.g., tone of voice, rate of speech).
- Proxemics (e.g., maintaining a safe distance).

Intervention Responses

Identify and respond to different behaviors:
- Anxiety: supportive response.
- Verbal aggression: assertive response.
- Physical violence: defensive response.

Intervention Techniques for Diffusing Anxiety

Supportive techniques:
- Introduce yourself.
- Ask to repeat.
- Ask questions.
- Use reflective techniques.
- Clarify implied statements.
- Isolate the problem.
- Redirect anger to the past.
- Use "we" and "pacing" and voice control.
Avoid high-risk techniques and consider substituting contact if necessary.

Intervention Techniques for Diffusing Verbal Aggression

Techniques:
- Allowing the subject to vent.
- Active listening.
- Setting reasonable, clear, and enforceable limits.
- Enforcing those limits.

Intervention Techniques for Counter Physical Assault

Techniques:
- Practiced body movements (e.g., defensive tactics, effective body language).
- Positive verbal commands.
- Using the environment to your advantage.

The Approach

Have a mental plan for potential violence.
Take deep breaths to relax.
Approach the subject at a safe distance (4-6 feet).
Blade your body at a 45-degree angle.
Keep your hands at waist level, palms up, and open.

Proxemics

Proxemics is the study of personal and cultural needs of people and the interaction of space and communication.
Four oval-shaped zones surround each person:
- Intimate zone (0-18 inches).
- Personal zone (18 inches-3 feet).
- Social zone (3-10 feet).
- Public zone (10 feet or more).

Eye Contact

Importance of eye contact:
- Indicates concern, support, confidence, and authority.
- Receives important messages from others.
Cultural and individual differences in eye contact:
- Black individuals: 30% of the time.
- Hispanic individuals: 25% of the time.
- Asian individuals: 18% of the time.

Non-Verbal Communication

Gestures and posture:
- Head movements: aggression, assertiveness, or submission.
- Face: tension, anger, or fear.
- Lips: quivering or pushed forward.
- Breathing: rate and depth.
- Shoulders: back, straight, or forward.
- Arms: crossed, high, or low.
- Palms: open, closed, or wringing.
- Elbows: close to the body or away.
- Index fingers: pulling trigger or running across the throat.
- Legs or stance: weight distribution, bobbing, or rocking.

Verbal Communication

Communication skills:
- Introduction.
- Excuse me, Sir/Ma'am.
- Ask questions: what, when, where, why, and how.
- Repeat what they have said.
- Use "we" and "I wonder" phrases.
- Use voice control: volume, tone, and rate of speech.
- Avoid high-risk verbal techniques.
- Use positive commands: STOP, NO, and DROP THE BAT.

Positive Commands

Delaying the subject's planning by unbalancing their mind.
Example: yelling "Open your fists" during a ritualized combat situation.

Imminent Assault

Redirecting the subject's thoughts with loud and positive voice commands.
Example: yelling "STOP" when a subject is holding a baseball bat and ready to strike.

Lack of Oxygen

Importance of oxygen intake during high-anxiety situations.
Using loud and positive commands to force oxygen intake and delay weakness.### Conflict Resolution
When dealing with an aggressor, continue to verbalize commands to create an intense state of conflict between aggression and fear.
Use active listening to open and maintain communication, including empathy, listening, paralanguage, and body language.

Active Listening

Empathy: Put yourself in another's shoes and listen to their ideas or problems.
Listen: Listening shows concern and allows for venting anger or frustration.
Avoid labeling or prejudging people; their problems are real to them.
Body language: Tilt your head to show interest, nod your head to show understanding, and keep your hands open.

Stages of Conflict

There are three stages of conflict:
- Anxiety: Fear, hate, disappointment, sorrow, jealousy, stress, guilt, paranoia, distrust of authority, or feeling cornered.
- Losing control verbally: Verbal aggression, threats, and counter-threats.
- Losing control physically: Physical action, such as fighting.

Recognizing Loss of Control

People lose control to establish dominance in a social hierarchy or to establish territorial rights.
External changes: Face color darkens, veins appear, lips are licked, little eye contact, shallow breathing, sighing, and eyebrows frown.
Internal changes: Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and adrenaline release.

Management

Reduce anxiety by active listening.
Non-verbal: Be assertive, non-threatening, and maintain eye contact.
Verbal: Allow venting, set limits, and give directions.
Physical: Separate aggressors, substitute yourself, and move away.
If losing control physically, create space, use loud positive commands, and divert attention.

Losing Control Physically

External changes: Face color changes, distortion of the left side of the face, aggressors break their stare, and verbalization stops.
Internal changes: Heart rate high, blood pressure high, tunnel vision, auditory exclusion, and large amounts of adrenaline flow.

Management of Physical Loss of Control

Create space, use loud positive commands, and divert attention.
Use defensive tools, such as OC Spray, PR-24, or an Expandable baton.
Move quickly into an escort position and take control of the aggressor.

Signals of Submission

Put hands up, palms out.
State "I give up".
Turning back with hands covering the head.
Reduction in violent movement.
Bowing head.
Lowering eyes and looking down.
Verbal tone and volume decrease.
Total inactivity.

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Description

Learn how to identify and diffuse aggressive behavior using effective communication and behavioral tools. This lesson plan covers the essential skills for preventing aggression and de-escalating situations.