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Questions and Answers

Which type of strategy focuses on what businesses a company is in or wants to be in?

  • Competitive
  • Functional
  • Tactical
  • Corporate (correct)

Which three main types of corporate strategies are identified?

  • Stability, focus, and turnaround
  • Stability, differentiation, and focus
  • Growth, stability, and renewal (correct)
  • Growth, cost leadership, and differentiation

What strategy involves an organization expanding the number of markets served or products offered?

  • Growth (correct)
  • Retrenchment
  • Renewal
  • Stability

How do organizations typically grow according to their strategies?

<p>Concentration, integration, or diversification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of strategy does an organization use when it focuses on its primary line of business?

<p>Concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If Emily's Bakery decides to open a second location offering the same menu, which strategy is she following?

<p>Growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is primarily concerned with maintaining current market position without significant changes?

<p>Stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is associated with an organization diversifying its product lines and markets?

<p>Diversification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should Arnold, the CEO, do first to address the decline in sales of high-end units?

<p>Determine why sales are down (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the recent drop in ridership on public transportation buses represent?

<p>A condition requiring further analysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about workplace management is correct?

<p>Many employees perform work that in the past was considered managerial activities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the next step in the decision-making process after identifying a problem?

<p>Identifying decision criteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In decision-making, what must a manager determine to identify decision criteria?

<p>What is relevant to resolving the problem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of a manager's job?

<p>Helping others accomplish their work goals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is defined as an individual that coordinates the work activities of others to achieve organizational goals?

<p>A manager. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Belinda's target market size, production costs, and net profits considered in her decision process?

<p>Decision criteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used for individuals who direct the activities of others within an organization?

<p>Managers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After establishing relevant decision criteria, what is the next step in the decision-making process?

<p>Allocating weights to the criteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step in the decision-making process requires the most creativity?

<p>Developing alternatives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the organizational chart indicate about the structure of an organization with titles like front-line manager and vice president of operations?

<p>It has a traditional pyramid structure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the decision criteria in the context of problem resolution?

<p>They should focus on factors relevant to resolving the problem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes first-line managers?

<p>They are typically involved with producing the organization's products or providing its services. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for a supervisor in the context of management?

<p>First-line manager. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role is an example of a first-line manager?

<p>Quality assurance supervisor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of decision-making condition is a retail clothing store manager operating under when estimating orders based on last spring's outcomes?

<p>Risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the situation called when a decision maker has neither certainty nor reasonable probability estimates available?

<p>Uncertainty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nonprogrammed decisions are typically made under what condition?

<p>Uncertainty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does organizational culture primarily reflect?

<p>Employees' perceptions and descriptions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of choice is made when a person at a horse racetrack bets all their money on a long shot to win?

<p>Maximax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dimension of organizational culture emphasizes a concern for employees' well-being?

<p>People orientation - focus on employees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Optimistic managers are likely to use their maximax orientation when they are trying to do what?

<p>Maximize the maximum payoff (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When decision makers seek out information that supports their past choices while ignoring contradictory information, this behavior is known as what?

<p>Confirmation bias (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do strong cultures differ from weak cultures in terms of employee behavior?

<p>Strong cultures have a greater influence on employee behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bias is used when decision makers assess the likelihood of an event based on how closely it resembles other events?

<p>Representation bias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dimension of organizational culture prioritizes collaboration among employees?

<p>Team orientation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unstructured problems are characterized by which of the following?

<p>Accompanied by ambiguous or incomplete information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does Google’s organizational culture emphasize through its employee satisfaction measures?

<p>People orientation - focus on employees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the cultural perceptions usually expressed by employees of different backgrounds?

<p>They are similar despite individual differences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a weak organizational culture?

<p>Lack of employee motivation and commitment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of organizational management is Martha most concerned with?

<p>Focus on results achieved (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept describes when managers make decisions that are rational but limited by their ability to process information?

<p>Bounded rationality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By limiting her search to only vendors in her state, what decision-making approach did Evelyn use?

<p>Bounded rationality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term best describes the approach when managers tend to find a satisfactory solution rather than the optimal one?

<p>Satisfice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What results in a solution that is considered 'good enough'?

<p>Satisficing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of her idea requiring cooperation across resistant departments, what approach is Gilda using?

<p>Evidence-based management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When managing decision-making processes, managers cannot possibly analyze all information on all alternatives; they tend to ________, rather than ________.

<p>Satisfice; maximize (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If Abigail selects the first copier she finds that meets her criteria for her company, what is she demonstrating?

<p>Satisficing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these describes a decision-making approach that might overlook all alternatives and consequences?

<p>Bounded rationality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bounded Rationality

A decision-making process where individuals are limited by their ability to process and analyze all information available, leading them to choose solutions that are "good enough" rather than optimal.

Satisficing

A decision-making approach where individuals search for and select the first acceptable alternative that meets their minimum criteria, rather than exhaustively exploring all possibilities.

Intuitive Decision Making

A decision-making style that relies on intuition, experience, and past patterns to make quick judgments, often in situations with limited time or information.

Evidence-Based Management

A systematic approach to decision-making that emphasizes the use of research and data to support choices, rather than relying solely on intuition or personal beliefs.

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Escalation of Commitment

A situation where individuals continue to invest resources into a failing decision, despite evidence that it is not working, often due to a desire to justify past commitments or avoid admitting a mistake.

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What is the modern focus of managers?

Managers in today's workplace often focus on helping others achieve their work goals rather than just managing individual employees.

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What is a manager?

A manager is someone who directs other people's work to accomplish organizational goals.

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What is the role of a first-line manager?

First-line managers are typically involved in producing the organization's products or services.

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What does a traditional organizational chart typically show?

The organizational chart often reflects a traditional pyramid structure, with different levels of management.

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What is another term for a first-line manager?

Supervisors are another name for first-line managers.

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What is an example of a first-line manager?

A foreman is an example of a first-line manager.

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What is the role of a middle manager?

Middle managers are responsible for coordinating activities between different departments and first-line managers.

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What is an organizational chart?

The organizational chart is a visual representation of the structure and chain of command within an organization.

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Problem

A situation that requires a solution or action to be taken.

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Symptom

An indication that something might be wrong but doesn't directly reveal the root cause.

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Decision Criteria

Factors that are important to consider when making a decision.

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Allocating Weights

Giving different importance levels to decision criteria based on how critical they are to the problem.

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Alternatives

Possible actions or solutions to address a problem.

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Analyzing Alternatives

The step in the decision-making process where you thoroughly examine the potential benefits and drawbacks of each alternative.

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Implementing the Alternative

The process of applying the chosen solution to address a problem.

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Creativity

The ability to think out of the box, explore new ideas, and come up with creative solutions.

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Organizational Culture Perception

The collective perception of employees about the organization's culture, rather than the actual practices or policies.

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Founder's Vision: Source of Culture

The founding vision of the organization shapes its core values and practices, creating the initial foundation for organizational culture.

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Shared Perception of Culture

Despite individual backgrounds or positions, employees tend to describe the organization's culture in similar terms, indicating a shared understanding.

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People Orientation in Culture

A strong culture prioritizes the well-being and satisfaction of employees, fostering a supportive and people-centric environment.

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Stability in Organizational Culture

A strong culture emphasizes the importance of values such as reliability, predictability, and consistency, leading to a stable and regulated environment.

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Aggression in Culture

A culture that values boldness, risk-taking, and pushing boundaries, often associated with dynamic industries and innovative companies.

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Team Orientation in Culture

A culture that prioritizes teamwork, collaboration, and shared responsibility, fostering a collective approach to achieving goals.

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Strong vs. Weak Cultures

Strong organizational cultures have deeply rooted values that are widely shared and consistently practiced, while weak cultures exhibit less consistency and commitment to values.

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Corporate Strategy

A corporate strategy that determines which businesses a company is involved in or desires to be involved in, and the company's future actions regarding those businesses.

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Growth Strategy

A type of corporate strategy that focuses on expanding the number of markets served or products offered.

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Concentration Strategy

A specific growth strategy where a company increases the number of products offered or markets served within its primary line of business.

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Integration Strategy

A type of growth strategy where a company expands into businesses that are related to its existing operations, either by acquiring suppliers or distributors.

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Diversification Strategy

A type of growth strategy where a company expands into businesses that are unrelated to its existing operations.

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Horizontal Integration

A type of growth strategy where a company acquires competitors within its existing market to increase market share and control.

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Vertical Integration

A type of growth strategy where a company expands into businesses that provide the inputs to its existing operations or that handle the outputs.

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Stability Strategy

An organizational growth strategy that focuses on maintaining the current size and scope of operations and avoiding significant change.

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Uncertainty

A decision-making situation where the decision maker has no past data or historical trends to rely upon. They have to rely on their own judgment and intuition.

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Risk

A decision-making situation where the decision maker can estimate the probabilities of different outcomes. It involves taking calculated risks based on available data.

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Certainty

A decision-making situation where the decision maker has complete and reliable information about all possible outcomes. They have a clear understanding of what will happen if they choose a particular option.

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Maximax

A decision-making approach that aims to maximize the maximum potential payoff. It's optimistic and focuses on the best possible outcome.

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Minimax Regret

A decision-making approach that focuses on minimizing the maximum regret. It seeks to reduce the potential for significant losses.

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Confirmation Bias

This bias occurs when people tend to seek out information that confirms their pre-existing beliefs and discount information that contradicts them, even when they should consider all available evidence.

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Representation Bias

This bias occurs when decision makers judge the likelihood of an event based on how similar it is to a prototype or existing mental representation of the event. It relies on stereotypes and can lead to faulty judgments.

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Availability Bias

This bias occurs when decision makers tend to overestimate the likelihood of events that are easily recalled or readily available in their memory. It can lead to misjudgments because our memory is not always reliable.

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