18 Questions
________ fatty acid is solid at room temperature
Saturated
________ fatty acid is liquid at room temperature
Unsaturated
________ fatty acids have no double bonds
Saturated
The presence of a double bond causes restriction in the mobility of the acyl chain in ________ fatty acids
Unsaturated
The most common monoenes have a chain length of 16–22 and a double bond with the cis configuration in ________ fatty acids
Unsaturated
Cis fatty acid has both hydrogen atoms located on the same side. On the contrary, trans fatty acid has the two hydrogen atoms on opposite sides. These statements are related to ________ fatty acids
Unsaturated
Trans fatty acids are considered ______ fats.
bad
Monounsaturated fats are also known as ______ fats.
good
Avocados and olives are food sources rich in ______ fatty acids.
monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated fatty acids contain more than one ______ bond.
double
Omega-3 and omega-6 are types of ______ fatty acids.
polyunsaturated
Omega-9 fatty acids are classified as ______ essential fatty acids.
non-essential
UNSATURATED FATTY ACID Cis fatty acids are generally considered beneficial for human consumption as these fats help keep the heart healthy, increasing the levels of good cholesterol (HDL). Unsaturated fatty acid chains pack poorly (kink) and have weaker van der Waals attractions between molecules than ______ fatty acids.
saturated
TRANS FATS are the worst type of fat for the heart, blood vessels, and rest of the body because they: Raise LDL and lower ______.
HDL
UNSATURATED FATTY ACID Common Name Δ Nomenclature Contained in: Oleic acid 18:1 cisΔ9 olive oil, sesame oil, flaxseed oil Linoleic acid 18:2 cisΔ9,12 soy oil, corn oil, canola oil α-linolenic acid 18:3 cisΔ9,12,15 flaxseed oil, and in canola, soy, perilla, and walnut oils arachidonic acid 20:4 cisΔ5,8,11,14 skeletal muscle, brain, liver, spleen and retina phospholipids Eicosapentanoic acid 20:5 cisΔ5,8,11,14,17 salmon UNSATURATED FATTY ACID Cis fatty acids are generally considered beneficial for human consumption as these fats help keep the heart healthy, increasing the levels of good cholesterol (HDL). Unsaturated fatty acid chains pack poorly (kink) and have weaker van der Waals attractions between molecules than ______ fatty acids.
saturated
UNSATURATED FATTY ACID Cis fatty acids are generally considered beneficial for human consumption as these fats help keep the heart healthy, increasing the levels of good cholesterol (HDL). Unsaturated fatty acid chains pack poorly (kink) and have weaker van der Waals attractions between molecules than ______ fatty acids.
saturated
Trans fats are the worst type of fat for the heart, blood vessels, and rest of the body because they: Raise LDL and lower ______.
HDL
Trans fats are the worst type of fat for the heart, blood vessels, and rest of the body because they: Raise LDL and lower ______.
HDL
Study Notes
Saturated Fatty Acids
- Have no double bonds within the fatty acid chain
- Typically solid at room temperature
- Found in animal sources and some plant sources
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
- Have at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain
- Typically liquid at room temperature
- Found in plant sources
Types of Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA)
- Contain one double bond
- Found in foods like avocados, olives, and peanut butter
- Can reduce cholesterol, heart disease, stroke, breast cancer, rheumatoid arthritis pain, and aid weight loss
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA)
- Contain more than one double bond
- Include Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
- Characterized by the presence of a double bond, three atoms away from the terminal methyl group
- Found in flaxseed oil, canola oil, soy oil, perilla oil, and walnut oils
Omega-9 Fatty Acids
- Not essential fatty acids (EFA) due to their lack of an omega-6 double bond
- Involved in eicosanoids formation reactions
Cis and Trans Isomers
Cis Isomer
- Hydrogens on the same side of the double bond
- Bent shape
- Typical in natural foods
- Less stable
- Lower melting point
Trans Isomer
- Hydrogens on the opposite side of the double bond
- Straight shape
- Formed during the process of hydrogenation of vegetable oils
- More stable
- Higher melting point
Effects of Trans Fats
- Raise LDL and lower HDL
- Worst type of fat for the heart, blood vessels, and rest of the body
Test your knowledge on unsaturated fatty acids, fats or fatty acids containing at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain. Explore the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats, and common unsaturated fatty acids found in animal and plant sources.
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