29 Questions
Which compound is an agonist of the nicotinic ACh receptor?
Nicotine
Which compound is an antagonist of the ACh ionotropic receptor?
α-bungarotoxin
Which G protein is activated by M1, M3, and M5 muscarinic ACh receptors?
Gq
Which compound is a fungal alkaloid that binds with high affinity to muscarinic ACh receptors?
Muscarine
Which compound inhibits acetylcholinesterase?
Sarin nerve gas
Where is acetylcholinesterase degraded?
In the synaptic cleft
What is the most important neurotransmitter for normal brain function?
Glutamate
Which ion(s) flux through the NMDA receptor upon Glu binding and membrane depolarization?
Na+ and Ca2+
Which compound is an antagonist of the NMDA receptor?
MK801
Which receptor requires two signals to open: Glu binding and membrane depolarization?
NMDA receptor
Which compound was discovered by Henry Dale that produced effects on organs similar to those produced by nerves?
Acetylcholine
Who discovered that stimulation of nerves attached to a frog's heart caused the release of chemical substances, one of which was named vagusstoffe?
Otto Loewi
What is the name of the receptor that acetylcholine (ACh) can bind to?
Nicotinic receptor
How many subunits make up the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel?
5
Which subunits are mostly involved in ligand binding in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?
α-subunits
What is the term for a compound that binds to a receptor and mimics the action of the physiological ligand?
Agonist
What is the term for a compound that binds to a receptor and blocks the action of the physiological ligand?
Antagonist
What is the name of the transporter responsible for the storage of acetylcholine (ACh) into synaptic vesicles?
VAChT
What did Thomas Elliott suggest in 1903 about the transmission of information between neurons?
The message is transmitted via chemical compound
Which receptor is mainly postsynaptic and linked to activation of phospholipase C?
mGluR1
What is the role of mGluR inhibitors in memory formation?
They block memory formation at some synapses
What causes excitotoxic cell death in stroke?
Excessive release of glutamate
Which neurotransmitter is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
GABA
Which transporter is responsible for packaging GABA into vesicles?
VIAAT
Which type of GABA receptor is structurally related to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors?
GABAA receptor
What is the main effect of Valium (diazepam) on GABA-A receptor signaling?
It increases chloride ion influx
What is the main function of inhibitory neurotransmitters in presynaptic inhibition?
To reduce depolarization of the presynaptic nerve terminal
Which type of neurotransmission is mediated by ionotropic receptors?
Fast neurotransmission
What is the effect of inhibitory neurotransmitters on the inside of the cell?
It becomes more negative
Test your knowledge on the discovery and role of acetylcholine and amino acids in neurotransmission. Explore the historical milestones and scientific findings that led to our understanding of these important chemicals in the brain.
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