Unraveling the Causes of Obesity
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Unraveling the Causes of Obesity

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors is believed to be the primary determinant of obesity?

  • Genetics (correct)
  • Environmental factors
  • Physiological factors
  • Psychiatric disorders

    • Which hormone increases appetite?

  • Melanocyte concentrating hormone
  • Leptin
  • Orexin
  • Ghrelin (correct)

    • Which part of the brain is referred to as the hunger center?

  • Brain stem
  • Hippocampus
  • Cortex
  • Lateral hypothalamus (correct)

    • Which hormone is important to the brain's processing of appetite?

    <p>GLP-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest determinate of energy expenditure in an individual?

    <p>Metabolic rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Res9ng Energy Expenditure (REE)?

    <p>Energy expended by a person at rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of Non-Alcoholic FaMy Liver Disease (NAFLD) in obese patients?

    <p>80-90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a medical condition associated with obesity?

    <p>Thyroid hormone deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitters and neuropeptides impact the brain's appetite network?

    <p>Orexin and melanocyte concentrating hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ghrelin in appetite?

    <p>It increases appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of leptin in appetite?

    <p>It decreases appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of exogenous leptin in leptin-deficient patients?

    <p>It decreases appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is NOT involved in the appetite network?

    <p>Frontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary determinant of obesity according to the text?

    <p>Genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lateral hypothalamus in the brain?

    <p>It stimulates appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of growth hormone deficiency on obesity?

    <p>It increases obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cortisol on obesity?

    <p>It increases obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a gut hormone important to the brain's processing of appetite?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stimuli can influence hunger and satiety in humans?

    <p>Reward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest determinate of energy expenditure in an individual?

    <p>Metabolic rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the basal metabolic rate (BMR) occur?

    <p>4 hours after a meal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to adipose cellularity in obese individuals?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for NAFLD/NASH?

    <p>Advanced age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with insulin resistance in obese individuals?

    <p>Increased glucose uptake by the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the early indication of cardiac dysfunction associated with obesity and diabetes?

    <p>Myocardial remodeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is BMI (Body Mass Index) calculated?

    <p>Weight (kg) / Height (m)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a phase in the treatment and prevention of obesity?

    <p>Quaternary phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended BMI threshold for considering bariatric surgery?

    <p>40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the daily energy deficit provided by a lower calorie diet (LCD)?

    <p>500-750 kcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily calorie intake for men on a lower calorie diet (LCD)?

    <p>1500-1800 kcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily calorie intake for women on a lower calorie diet (LCD)?

    <p>1200-1500 kcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of weight management?

    <p>To improve weight-related complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cornerstone of weight management?

    <p>Comprehensive lifestyle intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is considered the most powerful and effective for the treatment of obesity?

    <p>Bariatric surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is recommended for individuals who do not qualify for bariatric surgery?

    <p>Medical devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is pharmacologic therapy recommended for weight loss?

    <p>When all other interventions have failed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug acts as a lipase inhibitor and induces weight loss by lowering dietary fat absorption?

    <p>Orlistat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug combination acts as an appetite suppressant and increases energy expenditure?

    <p>Phentermine and Topiramate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug combination works on the hypothalamus and mesolimbic dopamine circuit to reduce cravings?

    <p>Naltrexone and Bupropion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug activates the GLP-1 receptor in the brain and regulates appetite and caloric intake?

    <p>Liraglutide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug interferes with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, cyclosporine, levothyroxine, and antiretrovirals?

    <p>Orlistat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug combination has contraindications including MAO inhibitor use within 14 days, pregnancy, breastfeeding, hypothyroidism, and glaucoma?

    <p>Phentermine and Topiramate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug combination has contraindications including MAO inhibitor use within 14 days, ESRD, uncontrolled HTN, seizure disorder/history, bulimia, and anorexia?

    <p>Naltrexone and Bupropion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug has contraindications including pregnancy and personal/family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2?

    <p>Liraglutide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug combination has cautionary warnings of suicidality, psychiatric disorder, bipolar disorder, and acute opioid withdrawal?

    <p>Naltrexone and Bupropion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug has adverse effects including nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, hypoglycemia, headache, and tachycardia?

    <p>Liraglutide</p> Signup and view all the answers

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