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Post-structuralism is a philosophical and literary theory that builds upon and rejects ideas established by structuralism, rejecting the self-sufficiency of structuralism and the binary oppositions that constitute its structures. Structuralism proposes that human culture can be understood by means of a structure that is modeled on language, while post-structuralism critiques this notion. Writers whose works are often characterised as post-structuralist include Roland Barthes, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and Jean Baudrillard. Post-structuralism emerged in France during the 1960s as a movement critiquing structuralism. The period was marked by the rebellion of students and workers against the state in May 1968. Barthes advanced the concept of the metalanguage, a systematized way of talking about concepts like meaning and grammar beyond the constraints of a traditional (first-order) language. Derrida's lecture at Johns Hopkins was one of the earliest to propose some theoretical limitations to Structuralism. Some observers from outside of the post-structuralist camp have questioned the rigour and legitimacy of the field.