Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the central concern of the mind-body problem?
What is the central concern of the mind-body problem?
Who developed the school of thought known as Structuralism?
Who developed the school of thought known as Structuralism?
Which perspective focuses on the dynamic interplay of mental forces?
Which perspective focuses on the dynamic interplay of mental forces?
What is the term for the object or event in the environment that elicits a response in an organism?
What is the term for the object or event in the environment that elicits a response in an organism?
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Who is associated with the perspective that focuses on the relationship between environmental events and the responses of the organism?
Who is associated with the perspective that focuses on the relationship between environmental events and the responses of the organism?
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What is the term for the broad ways of understanding psychological phenomena?
What is the term for the broad ways of understanding psychological phenomena?
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What is the term for the fulfilment of the whole range of needs that human experience?
What is the term for the fulfilment of the whole range of needs that human experience?
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Who is associated with the perspective that focuses on aspects of personality that are distinctly human?
Who is associated with the perspective that focuses on aspects of personality that are distinctly human?
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What is the primary focus of the cognitive perspective in psychology?
What is the primary focus of the cognitive perspective in psychology?
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What is the term for the process of transforming, storing, and retrieving environmental inputs through thought and memory?
What is the term for the process of transforming, storing, and retrieving environmental inputs through thought and memory?
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Who is associated with the development of radical behaviorism?
Who is associated with the development of radical behaviorism?
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What is the process by which natural forces select traits in organisms that help them adapt to their environment?
What is the process by which natural forces select traits in organisms that help them adapt to their environment?
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What is the term for the capacity to survive and reproduce and maximize the reproductive success of genetically related individuals?
What is the term for the capacity to survive and reproduce and maximize the reproductive success of genetically related individuals?
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What is the model that recognizes that biological, psychological, and social processes are interrelated and interacting influences?
What is the model that recognizes that biological, psychological, and social processes are interrelated and interacting influences?
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What is the field of study that examines the reciprocal relationships between humans and nature, with a focus on changing attitudes and behaviors to encourage conservation of the environment?
What is the field of study that examines the reciprocal relationships between humans and nature, with a focus on changing attitudes and behaviors to encourage conservation of the environment?
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What is the skill that involves carefully examining and analyzing information to judge its validity?
What is the skill that involves carefully examining and analyzing information to judge its validity?
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Study Notes
Key Terms in Psychology
Philosophical Questions
- Free will: The debate about whether our actions are determined by our intentions or physical processes in our bodies or environment.
Early Schools of Thought
- Structuralism: Developed by Edward Tichener, used introspection to uncover basic elements of consciousness and how they combine to form ideas.
- Functionalism: Influenced by Darwinian theory, sought explanations for psychological processes in terms of their role in helping individuals adapt to their environment.
Perspectives in Psychology
- Psychodynamic perspective: Focuses on the dynamic interplay of mental forces, initiated by Sigmund Freud.
- Behaviourist perspective: Focuses on the relationship between environmental events and the responses of the organism, pioneered by John Watson and B.F. Skinner.
- Humanistic perspective: Emphasizes personal growth and human potential, focusing on aspects of personality that are distinctly human, led by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.
- Cognitive perspective: Focuses on how people perceive, process, store, and retrieve information.
- Evolutionary perspective: Understands human behavioural proclivities in the context of their evolutionary and adaptive significance.
Key Concepts
- Stimuli: Objects or events in the environment that elicit a response in an organism.
- Self-actualisation: People are motivated to fulfill the whole range of needs that human experience.
- Information processing: The transformation, storage, and retrieval of environmental inputs through thought and memory.
- Radical behaviourism: Focuses on observable behaviour, championed by B.F. Skinner.
- Natural selection: A theory that states natural forces select traits in organisms that help them adapt to their environment.
- Reproductive success: The capacity to survive and reproduce, and maximise the reproductive success of genetically related individuals.
Interdisciplinary Approaches
- Biopsychosocial model: Recognises the interrelated influences of biological, psychological, and social processes on our behaviour and mental states.
- Behavioural genetics: Examines the genetic and environmental bases of differences among individuals on psychological traits.
- Behavioural neuroscience: Investigates the physical basis of psychological phenomena such as motivation, emotion, and stress.
Additional Concepts
- Cartesian dualism: The doctrine of separate spheres of mind and body.
- Cognition: Thought and memory.
- Conservation psychology: Studies the reciprocal relationships between humans and nature, aiming to promote environmental conservation.
- Critical thinking: A skill that involves carefully examining and analysing information to judge its validity.
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Description
Explore the fundamental questions of philosophy, including the concept of free will, the mind-body problem, and the development of structuralism in psychology.
