Unix File System and Backup

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Questions and Answers

What command is used to generate a permanent /etc/X11/xorg.conf file?

$ sudo Xorg -configure

What is created in the current working directory after running the Xorg -configure command?

xorg.conf.new

What is the purpose of the Wayland protocol?

To request rendering from the Linux kernel

What is the assumption about the execution of the script sync.sh?

It is executed by root or user carol. Signup and view all the answers

What would be the correct way to specify the script if it is not in a directory listed in the PATH environment variable?

Specify the full path to the script. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Wayland project?

To replace the X Window System with a lighter protocol Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the command test in bash scripting?

To verify if a file path is newer than another file. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Wayland compositor?

To handle device input, window management, and composition Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the X Window System?

It uses a server instance to manage client requests Signup and view all the answers

What is the issue with the script that prints a number sequence from 0 to 9?

The script is missing an increment operation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the script that requires a sorted list of usernames?

To sort a list of usernames. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between X and Xorg on some Linux distributions?

X is a symbolic link to Xorg Signup and view all the answers

What manual page provides further information on the X Window System?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What would be the correct way to increment the COUNTER variable in the script?

COUNTER=$((COUNTER+1)) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the /media/carol/backup directory?

To store system backups. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the sync.sh script?

To synchronize files between two directories. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the DISPLAY environment variable?

To specify the display configuration for the X Window System Signup and view all the answers

What command is used to create a keyboard configuration file for the X Window System?

localectl Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the DontVTSwitch option in the xorg.conf file?

To disable virtual terminals Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the configuration file used to set global Xorg options on the server?

ServerFlags.conf Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the X11 protocol?

To access remote desktop sessions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the XDMCP protocol?

To access remote desktop sessions Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the desktop environment that is known for its simplicity and lightweight design?

Xfce Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the VNC protocol?

To access remote desktop sessions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a window manager in a desktop environment?

To control window placement and decorations Signup and view all the answers

What concept do the basic ideas of graphical interfaces in desktop computers originate from?

Office workspaces Signup and view all the answers

What do software libraries like GTK+ and Qt provide to programmers?

Widget toolkits for building graphical interfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of VNC?

To transmit events from local keyboard and mouse to a remote desktop. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a widget toolkit in a desktop environment?

To provide informative or interactive visual elements Signup and view all the answers

What is the convention for TCP ports when running multiple VNC servers?

The first server uses TCP port 5900, the second uses 5901, and so on. Signup and view all the answers

Why did applications developed with GTK+ and Qt historically look different?

Because of the different widget toolkits used Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the window manager and the widget toolkit in a desktop environment?

The window manager relies on the widget toolkit to assemble its interface Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ~/.vnc/xstartup file?

To define the desktop environment for the VNC server. Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of VNC?

It does not provide modern encryption and authentication methods natively. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a desktop environment's theme support?

To make the distinction between GTK+ and Qt less obvious Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use case for the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)?

Remotely accessing a Windows system. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a widget in a graphical interface?

To provide informative or interactive visual elements Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Spice protocol?

To access the desktop environment of virtualized systems. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to use VNC with a third-party application?

To provide modern encryption and authentication methods. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method to secure VNC connections?

Using all of the above. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Scripting and Shells

The sync.sh script generates backup files from the /home/carol directory to the /media/carol/backup directory.
The script assumes it is executed by root or user carol, as most files would be unreadable by other users.
If the script is not in a directory listed in the PATH environment variable, it should be specified with its full path.

Customizing Scripts

The test command can be used to verify if a file path stored in the variable FROM is newer than a file whose path is stored in the variable TO.
A script with a while loop can become infinite if the loop counter is not incremented or decremented correctly.

X Window System

The Xorg -configure command generates a permanent /etc/X11/xorg.conf file.
The xorg.conf.new file is created in the current working directory and needs to be moved to the /etc/X11/ directory and renamed to xorg.conf.
The DISPLAY environment variable on a system named lab01 using a single display configuration would be lab01:0.2.

Wayland

Wayland is a newer display protocol designed to replace the X Window System.
It is lighter on system resources and has a smaller installation footprint than X.
Wayland is still under active development, including work from active and former X.org developers.
In Wayland, a client window works with its own code or that of a toolkit to provide rendering, and a request is made to the Linux kernel via the Wayland protocol.

Graphical Desktops

Major desktop environments include KDE, Gnome, Xfce, and others.
Window managers control window placement and decorations, such as title bars, minimize, maximize, and close buttons.
Desktop environments provide a window manager that matches the look and feel of its widget toolkit.
Widget toolkits, such as GTK+ and Qt, provide widgets that programmers can use to build graphical interfaces for applications.

Remote Desktop Sessions

VNC (Virtual Network Computing) is a protocol that allows remote access to a graphical desktop.
A VNC server can be started by an ordinary user, and a VNC client can be used to access the remote desktop.
VNC does not provide modern encryption and authentication methods natively, so it should be used with a third-party application that provides such features.
RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) is mainly used to remotely access the desktop of a Microsoft Windows operating system.
Spice (Simple Protocol for Independent Computing Environments) is a suite of tools aimed at accessing the desktop environment of virtualized systems.

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Unix File System and Backup

Questions and Answers

What command is used to generate a permanent /etc/X11/xorg.conf file?

What is created in the current working directory after running the Xorg -configure command?

What is the purpose of the Wayland protocol?

What is the assumption about the execution of the script sync.sh?

What would be the correct way to specify the script if it is not in a directory listed in the PATH environment variable?

What is the primary goal of the Wayland project?

What is the purpose of the command test in bash scripting?

What is the role of the Wayland compositor?

What is a characteristic of the X Window System?

What is the issue with the script that prints a number sequence from 0 to 9?

What is the purpose of the script that requires a sorted list of usernames?

What is the relationship between X and Xorg on some Linux distributions?

What manual page provides further information on the X Window System?

What would be the correct way to increment the COUNTER variable in the script?

What is the purpose of the /media/carol/backup directory?

What is the purpose of the sync.sh script?

What is the purpose of the DISPLAY environment variable?

What command is used to create a keyboard configuration file for the X Window System?

What is the purpose of the DontVTSwitch option in the xorg.conf file?

What is the name of the configuration file used to set global Xorg options on the server?

What is the purpose of the X11 protocol?

What is the purpose of the XDMCP protocol?

What is the name of the desktop environment that is known for its simplicity and lightweight design?

What is the purpose of the VNC protocol?

What is the primary function of a window manager in a desktop environment?

What concept do the basic ideas of graphical interfaces in desktop computers originate from?

What do software libraries like GTK+ and Qt provide to programmers?

What is the main purpose of VNC?

What is the purpose of a widget toolkit in a desktop environment?

What is the convention for TCP ports when running multiple VNC servers?

Why did applications developed with GTK+ and Qt historically look different?

What is the relationship between the window manager and the widget toolkit in a desktop environment?

What is the purpose of the ~/.vnc/xstartup file?

What is a limitation of VNC?

What is the purpose of a desktop environment's theme support?

What is the primary use case for the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)?

What is the role of a widget in a graphical interface?

What is the purpose of the Spice protocol?

Why is it recommended to use VNC with a third-party application?

What is a common method to secure VNC connections?

Study Notes

Scripting and Shells

Customizing Scripts

X Window System

Wayland

Graphical Desktops

Remote Desktop Sessions

Studying That Suits You

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