Linux Midterm Review 4

29 Questions

What command line puts the date in a file in your HOME directory?

date >../../../date.txt

If my current working directory is /home, and my HOME directory is /home/me, which command copies the password file into my HOME directory under the name foo?

cp me/../../etc/passwd me/foo

If foo is a sub-directory that contains only the file bar, what happens after this command: mv foo/./bar foo/././me?

the directory foo now contains only a file named me

In the output of the command ls -a, the one-character name . signifies what?

The current directory.

What is the result of this exact command line: ls /foo bar?

the names of the pathnames /foo and bar will be displayed

What can you do to get back (redo) the last command you typed?

Use the 'UpArrow' key.

Which command line does not show any lines from inside the file bat?

ls bat

If my current directory is /etc, which of these pathnames is equivalent to the file name /etc/passwd?

../passwd

What does quoting mean on a shell command line?

turning off the special meaning of shell meta-characters

How many arguments does the shell pass to this echo command: echo one two three >four five?

Which of the following pathnames almost always leads to the same file named: /bin/ls

././bin/./ls

In which section of the manual do you find super-user and admin commands?

Section 8

What is the correct interpretation of the command: wc -wc wc

Two command line arguments, one of which contains two bundled options.

What Linux command displays the contents of a file?

cat

What is true after the command line: touch new ; mv ./mt/../new ../me/old

The parent directory of mt now has a file named old in it

What is an operating system?

A computer program that manages the hardware.

Which pathname almost always leads to the same file named: /etc/shadow

././../etc/./shadow

What option to ls shows inode (index) numbers?

-i

If my current working directory is /var, which command copies the password file into directory /var/ian under the name bar?

cp ./ian/../../etc/passwd ian/bar

In which section of the manual do you find standard commands?

If my current directory is /etc, which of these pathnames is equivalent to the pathname /etc/x/y?

/etc/x/y

What is the correct syntax to redirect both standard output and standard error into the same output file?

date 2>&1 >out

What command can you use to delete an empty directory?

rmdir

What is the simplified pathname for /../../var/./a/../../var/b/../../etc/./bar/../foo?

./etc/foo

The option to ls that shows which names are directories is:

-l

How do I search for the string foo in the text display output from the man command?

/foo

Which pathname almost always leads to the same file named /etc/passwd?

./etc/../etc/./passwd

What Linux command copies an entire directory?

cp -r d1 d2

What happens after this command: mv ./foo/bar foo/../me?

the directory foo is now empty

Study Notes

###UNIX Commands and Pathnames

The section of the manual to find standard commands is 1.
The pathname /etc/x/y is equivalent to ./etc/x/y when the current directory is /etc.
To redirect both standard output and standard error into the same output file, use the syntax date 2>&1 >out.
The command to delete an empty directory is rmdir.
The pathname /../../var/./a/../../var/b/../../etc/./bar/../foo simplifies to ./etc/foo.
The option to ls that shows which names are directories is -l.
To search for the string "foo" in the text display output from the man command, use ./foo.
The pathname /etc/./etc/../passwd almost always leads to the same file named /etc/passwd.
The Linux command that copies an entire directory is cp -r d1 d2.
The pathname /usr/./bin/../lib/../../etc/../usr/./lib/../bin/.. simplifies to ./usr/lib.
If foo is a sub-directory that contains only the file bar, the command mv ./foo/bar foo/../me will leave the directory foo empty.
To copy the password file into the HOME directory under the name foo, use cp ../../etc/passwd ../../../home/me/foo.
The pathname ./etc/../passwd almost always leads to the same file named /etc/passwd.

###More Pathnames and Commands

If the current working directory is /home, the command cp ../../etc/passwd ../../../home/me/foo copies the password file into the HOME directory.
The command ls /foo bar displays the names of the pathnames /foo and bar.
To redo the last command typed, use the "UpArrow" key.
The command ls bat does not show any lines from inside the file bat.
If the current directory is /etc, the pathname ../passwd is equivalent to the file name /etc/passwd.

###Quoting, Searching, and More Commands

Quoting on a shell command line means turning off the special meaning of shell meta-characters.
To search for the word "nongraphic" in the man page for ls, type man ls at the shell, then /nongraphic.
The bash shell expands a leading tilde (~) in a pathname to be the HOME directory.
To make the bash shell complete commands or file names, type the first part of the command or file name and then press [TAB].
The command cd /home/dir ; mkdir one ; mkdir two ; pwd outputs /home/dir.

###More Commands, Pathnames, and File Manipulation

The option to ls that shows hidden names is -a.
The command echo one two three >four five passes 4 arguments to the echo command.
The command mv ./ian/./foo ./ian/../bar will leave the directory ian empty.
The operating system is a computer program that manages the hardware.

Test your knowledge of Unix commands and pathnames with these questions. Learn how to navigate and use standard commands in Unix.

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