Linux Midterm Review 4
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Questions and Answers

What command line puts the date in a file in your HOME directory?

  • date >../../../date.txt (correct)
  • date >/../../../home/date.txt
  • date >/HOME/date.txt
  • date >../../../home/date.txt

    • If my current working directory is /home, and my HOME directory is /home/me, which command copies the password file into my HOME directory under the name foo?

  • cp me/../../etc/passwd me/foo (correct)
  • cp ../../etc/passwd /me/foo
  • cp ./me/../etc/passwd /home/me/foo
  • cp ../etc/passwd ../me/foo

    • If foo is a sub-directory that contains only the file bar, what happens after this command: mv foo/./bar foo/././me?

  • the directory foo now contains only a file named me (correct)
  • the command fails because the name me does not exist
  • the directory foo is now empty
  • there is a second copy of the file bar in the file named me

    • In the output of the command ls -a, the one-character name . signifies what?

    <p>The current directory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of this exact command line: ls /foo bar?

    <p>the names of the pathnames /foo and bar will be displayed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can you do to get back (redo) the last command you typed?

    <p>Use the 'UpArrow' key.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command line does not show any lines from inside the file bat?

    <p>ls bat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If my current directory is /etc, which of these pathnames is equivalent to the file name /etc/passwd?

    <p>../passwd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does quoting mean on a shell command line?

    <p>turning off the special meaning of shell meta-characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many arguments does the shell pass to this echo command: echo one two three >four five?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pathnames almost always leads to the same file named: /bin/ls

    <p>././bin/./ls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which section of the manual do you find super-user and admin commands?

    <p>Section 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct interpretation of the command: wc -wc wc

    <p>Two command line arguments, one of which contains two bundled options.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What Linux command displays the contents of a file?

    <p>cat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true after the command line: touch new ; mv ./mt/../new ../me/old

    <p>The parent directory of mt now has a file named old in it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an operating system?

    <p>A computer program that manages the hardware.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathname almost always leads to the same file named: /etc/shadow

    <p>././../etc/./shadow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What option to ls shows inode (index) numbers?

    <p>-i</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If my current working directory is /var, which command copies the password file into directory /var/ian under the name bar?

    <p>cp ./ian/../../etc/passwd ian/bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which section of the manual do you find standard commands?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If my current directory is /etc, which of these pathnames is equivalent to the pathname /etc/x/y?

    <p>/etc/x/y</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct syntax to redirect both standard output and standard error into the same output file?

    <p>date 2&gt;&amp;1 &gt;out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command can you use to delete an empty directory?

    <p>rmdir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the simplified pathname for /../../var/./a/../../var/b/../../etc/./bar/../foo?

    <p>./etc/foo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The option to ls that shows which names are directories is:

    <p>-l</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do I search for the string foo in the text display output from the man command?

    <p>/foo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathname almost always leads to the same file named /etc/passwd?

    <p>./etc/../etc/./passwd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What Linux command copies an entire directory?

    <p>cp -r d1 d2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after this command: mv ./foo/bar foo/../me?

    <p>the directory foo is now empty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    ###UNIX Commands and Pathnames

    • The section of the manual to find standard commands is 1.
    • The pathname /etc/x/y is equivalent to ./etc/x/y when the current directory is /etc.
    • To redirect both standard output and standard error into the same output file, use the syntax date 2&gt;&amp;1 &gt;out.
    • The command to delete an empty directory is rmdir.
    • The pathname /../../var/./a/../../var/b/../../etc/./bar/../foo simplifies to ./etc/foo.
    • The option to ls that shows which names are directories is -l.
    • To search for the string "foo" in the text display output from the man command, use ./foo.
    • The pathname /etc/./etc/../passwd almost always leads to the same file named /etc/passwd.
    • The Linux command that copies an entire directory is cp -r d1 d2.
    • The pathname /usr/./bin/../lib/../../etc/../usr/./lib/../bin/.. simplifies to ./usr/lib.
    • If foo is a sub-directory that contains only the file bar, the command mv ./foo/bar foo/../me will leave the directory foo empty.
    • To copy the password file into the HOME directory under the name foo, use cp ../../etc/passwd ../../../home/me/foo.
    • The pathname ./etc/../passwd almost always leads to the same file named /etc/passwd.

    ###More Pathnames and Commands

    • If the current working directory is /home, the command cp ../../etc/passwd ../../../home/me/foo copies the password file into the HOME directory.
    • The command ls /foo bar displays the names of the pathnames /foo and bar.
    • To redo the last command typed, use the "UpArrow" key.
    • The command ls bat does not show any lines from inside the file bat.
    • If the current directory is /etc, the pathname ../passwd is equivalent to the file name /etc/passwd.

    ###Quoting, Searching, and More Commands

    • Quoting on a shell command line means turning off the special meaning of shell meta-characters.
    • To search for the word "nongraphic" in the man page for ls, type man ls at the shell, then /nongraphic.
    • The bash shell expands a leading tilde (~) in a pathname to be the HOME directory.
    • To make the bash shell complete commands or file names, type the first part of the command or file name and then press [TAB].
    • The command cd /home/dir ; mkdir one ; mkdir two ; pwd outputs /home/dir.

    ###More Commands, Pathnames, and File Manipulation

    • The option to ls that shows hidden names is -a.
    • The command echo one two three &gt;four five passes 4 arguments to the echo command.
    • The command mv ./ian/./foo ./ian/../bar will leave the directory ian empty.
    • The operating system is a computer program that manages the hardware.

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    Test your knowledge of Unix commands and pathnames with these questions. Learn how to navigate and use standard commands in Unix.

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