Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a primary goal of the primary health care (PHC) approach in relation to universal health coverage (UHC)?
What is a primary goal of the primary health care (PHC) approach in relation to universal health coverage (UHC)?
- To integrate health services and public health functions (correct)
- To focus solely on disease-specific treatments
- To limit access to health services for certain populations
- To prioritize hospital-based care over community care
Which of the following describes a component of multi-sectoral policies in health?
Which of the following describes a component of multi-sectoral policies in health?
- Implementing policies that only involve the health sector
- Focusing exclusively on clinical healthcare delivery
- Limiting community participation in health interventions
- Addressing social determinants of health through various sectors (correct)
How does community engagement contribute to health systems designed for people?
How does community engagement contribute to health systems designed for people?
- By empowering communities for social participation and self-care (correct)
- By promoting policies that exclude individual participation
- By emphasizing top-down decision-making processes
- By focusing on institutional frameworks alone
What is the significance of implementing health-in-all-policies?
What is the significance of implementing health-in-all-policies?
Which of the following is NOT a component of primary health care (PHC)?
Which of the following is NOT a component of primary health care (PHC)?
What is essential for creating health systems with resilience?
What is essential for creating health systems with resilience?
Which approach can achieve significant cost efficiencies while delivering essential UHC interventions?
Which approach can achieve significant cost efficiencies while delivering essential UHC interventions?
Which factor is critical for effective community engagement in health initiatives?
Which factor is critical for effective community engagement in health initiatives?
What does Universal Health Coverage (UHC) aim to ensure for all people?
What does Universal Health Coverage (UHC) aim to ensure for all people?
What role does Primary Health Care (PHC) serve within health systems?
What role does Primary Health Care (PHC) serve within health systems?
Which of the following factors is NOT one of the burdens faced by the Philippine health system?
Which of the following factors is NOT one of the burdens faced by the Philippine health system?
How does protecting people from financial hardship impact public health?
How does protecting people from financial hardship impact public health?
Which public health function is indicated as crucial for dealing with health crises like COVID-19?
Which public health function is indicated as crucial for dealing with health crises like COVID-19?
What is one expected outcome of community engagement in primary health care settings?
What is one expected outcome of community engagement in primary health care settings?
What is an essential component of a resilient health system according to public health principles?
What is an essential component of a resilient health system according to public health principles?
Which of the following best describes the approach of the Universal Health Care Act of 2019 regarding public health?
Which of the following best describes the approach of the Universal Health Care Act of 2019 regarding public health?
What is the primary aim of public health functions in relation to epidemic responses?
What is the primary aim of public health functions in relation to epidemic responses?
What is the primary goal of the UHC Law regarding local government units (LGUs)?
What is the primary goal of the UHC Law regarding local government units (LGUs)?
What complication arises from the relationships between the DOH and local governments?
What complication arises from the relationships between the DOH and local governments?
How does the UHC Law expect to manage health information systems effectively?
How does the UHC Law expect to manage health information systems effectively?
What is a key feature of the public health system as envisioned by the UHC Law?
What is a key feature of the public health system as envisioned by the UHC Law?
What initiative does the UHC Law seek to enhance within the health system framework?
What initiative does the UHC Law seek to enhance within the health system framework?
What is one of the main pillars the success of the UHC Law hinges upon?
What is one of the main pillars the success of the UHC Law hinges upon?
What role does PhilHealth transition into under the UHC Law?
What role does PhilHealth transition into under the UHC Law?
What does the UHC Law aim to address in relation to health information systems?
What does the UHC Law aim to address in relation to health information systems?
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Study Notes
Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
- Access to the full range of quality health services for all people, when and where needed, without financial hardship
- Includes health promotion, prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care
- Requires a skilled and adequately supported health workforce, quality assured products, and decent work environments
Why is primary health care (PHC) important?
- Makes health systems more resilient to crises
- Allows for proactive detection of early signs of epidemics
- Prepares for surges in demand for services
- Serves as the "front door" of the health system
- Strengthens essential public health functions
- Central to responding to public health crises like COVID-19
The Philippine situation
- Faces a triple burden of health impacts: urbanization, globalization, and climate change; rise of noncommunicable diseases; and re-emergence of communicable diseases
- 90% of essential UHC interventions can be delivered through a PHC approach
- PHC involves: comprehensive integrated health services embracing primary care, multi-sectoral policies addressing upstream determinants of health, and community engagement for self-care and self-reliance
Three inter-related components of PHC
- Comprehensive integrated health services that embrace primary care as well as public health goods and functions as central pieces
- Multi-sectoral policies and actions to address the upstream and wider determinants of health
- Engaging and empowering individuals, families, and communities for increased social participation and enhanced self-care and self-reliance in health
The need for a shift
- From health systems designed around diseases and institutions towards health systems designed for people
- Requires governments to take a whole-of-government approach to health, including health-in-all-policies
The Universal Health Care (UHC) Law of 2019
- Aims to clarify overlapping functions of government agencies
- Re-envisions the role of the Department of Health (DOH) to focus on regulation, policy development, and standard setting
- Transitions PhilHealth to a stronger national purchaser of services
- Reorganizes the public system as province- or city-wide health systems with health care provider networks (HCPNs)
- Envisions municipalities becoming capable of independently financing and managing their own health workforce
Challenges in the Philippine health system
- Significant responsibilities held by municipalities
- Complex relationships between DOH and municipal, city, and provincial governments
- Health information systems face challenges: lack of structural and technical capacities, duplication of efforts, unconsolidated and incomplete data, and lack of interoperable mechanisms
Solutions implemented by the UHC Law
- Mandates maintenance of interoperable information systems
- Standardizes health data collection from providers
- Integrates data for licensing and contracting agreements
Key pillars for successful UHC
- PHC
- Leadership and governance
- Health information systems
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