Universal Health Coverage and Primary Health Care

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary goal of the primary health care (PHC) approach in relation to universal health coverage (UHC)?

To integrate health services and public health functions (correct)

To focus solely on disease-specific treatments

To limit access to health services for certain populations

To prioritize hospital-based care over community care

Which of the following describes a component of multi-sectoral policies in health?

Implementing policies that only involve the health sector

Focusing exclusively on clinical healthcare delivery

Limiting community participation in health interventions

Addressing social determinants of health through various sectors (correct)

How does community engagement contribute to health systems designed for people?

By empowering communities for social participation and self-care (correct)

By promoting policies that exclude individual participation

By emphasizing top-down decision-making processes

By focusing on institutional frameworks alone

What is the significance of implementing health-in-all-policies?

It ensures that health considerations are integrated across all government sectors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of primary health care (PHC)?

Exclusive focus on infectious diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for creating health systems with resilience?

Adopting an inclusive whole-of-government approach Signup and view all the answers

Which approach can achieve significant cost efficiencies while delivering essential UHC interventions?

Primary health care (PHC) approach Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is critical for effective community engagement in health initiatives?

Empowering individuals and families Signup and view all the answers

What does Universal Health Coverage (UHC) aim to ensure for all people?

Access to essential health services without financial hardship Signup and view all the answers

What role does Primary Health Care (PHC) serve within health systems?

It acts as the front door of the health system. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT one of the burdens faced by the Philippine health system?

Reduction in healthcare funding Signup and view all the answers

How does protecting people from financial hardship impact public health?

It reduces the risk of poverty associated with health expenses. Signup and view all the answers

Which public health function is indicated as crucial for dealing with health crises like COVID-19?

Strengthening of essential public health functions Signup and view all the answers

What is one expected outcome of community engagement in primary health care settings?

Improved health literacy and service utilization Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential component of a resilient health system according to public health principles?

Optimal skills mix of health and care workers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the approach of the Universal Health Care Act of 2019 regarding public health?

Encompasses health promotion and disease prevention across populations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of public health functions in relation to epidemic responses?

To detect early signs and prepare timely responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the UHC Law regarding local government units (LGUs)?

To ensure LGUs can independently finance and manage their health workforce. Signup and view all the answers

What complication arises from the relationships between the DOH and local governments?

Duplication of efforts and incomplete data. Signup and view all the answers

How does the UHC Law expect to manage health information systems effectively?

By establishing interoperable information systems. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the public health system as envisioned by the UHC Law?

Reorganization into province- or city-wide health systems. Signup and view all the answers

What initiative does the UHC Law seek to enhance within the health system framework?

Improving regulatory functions of the DOH. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main pillars the success of the UHC Law hinges upon?

The promotion of community health engagement. Signup and view all the answers

What role does PhilHealth transition into under the UHC Law?

A stronger national purchaser of services. Signup and view all the answers

What does the UHC Law aim to address in relation to health information systems?

Promoting data consolidation and interoperability. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Universal Health Coverage (UHC)

Access to the full range of quality health services for all people, when and where needed, without financial hardship
Includes health promotion, prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care
Requires a skilled and adequately supported health workforce, quality assured products, and decent work environments

Why is primary health care (PHC) important?

Makes health systems more resilient to crises
Allows for proactive detection of early signs of epidemics
Prepares for surges in demand for services
Serves as the "front door" of the health system
Strengthens essential public health functions
Central to responding to public health crises like COVID-19

The Philippine situation

Faces a triple burden of health impacts: urbanization, globalization, and climate change; rise of noncommunicable diseases; and re-emergence of communicable diseases
90% of essential UHC interventions can be delivered through a PHC approach
PHC involves: comprehensive integrated health services embracing primary care, multi-sectoral policies addressing upstream determinants of health, and community engagement for self-care and self-reliance

Comprehensive integrated health services that embrace primary care as well as public health goods and functions as central pieces
Multi-sectoral policies and actions to address the upstream and wider determinants of health
Engaging and empowering individuals, families, and communities for increased social participation and enhanced self-care and self-reliance in health

The need for a shift

From health systems designed around diseases and institutions towards health systems designed for people
Requires governments to take a whole-of-government approach to health, including health-in-all-policies

The Universal Health Care (UHC) Law of 2019

Aims to clarify overlapping functions of government agencies
Re-envisions the role of the Department of Health (DOH) to focus on regulation, policy development, and standard setting
Transitions PhilHealth to a stronger national purchaser of services
Reorganizes the public system as province- or city-wide health systems with health care provider networks (HCPNs)
Envisions municipalities becoming capable of independently financing and managing their own health workforce

Challenges in the Philippine health system

Significant responsibilities held by municipalities
Complex relationships between DOH and municipal, city, and provincial governments
Health information systems face challenges: lack of structural and technical capacities, duplication of efforts, unconsolidated and incomplete data, and lack of interoperable mechanisms

Solutions implemented by the UHC Law

Mandates maintenance of interoperable information systems
Standardizes health data collection from providers
Integrates data for licensing and contracting agreements

Key pillars for successful UHC

PHC
Leadership and governance
Health information systems

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Description

This quiz explores the key concepts of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and the importance of Primary Health Care (PHC) in strengthening health systems. It discusses their roles in addressing health crises and the specific challenges faced in the Philippines, such as urbanization and disease management. Test your understanding of these critical health topics!