Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements about Universal Design is true?
Which of the following statements about Universal Design is true?
Universal Design is a process and not an outcome.
Universal Design is a process and not an outcome.
True
Who can undertake Universal Design?
Who can undertake Universal Design?
Any designer
Universal Design benefits not just older people and people with disabilities, but _________ as well.
Universal Design benefits not just older people and people with disabilities, but _________ as well.
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What design principle focuses on the design being easy to understand and use, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level?
What design principle focuses on the design being easy to understand and use, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level?
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Universal Design promotes as inclusive a design as possible.
Universal Design promotes as inclusive a design as possible.
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Universal Design strives to improve the original design concept by making it more _______.
Universal Design strives to improve the original design concept by making it more _______.
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Match the following design principles with their descriptions:
Match the following design principles with their descriptions:
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Who is positively impacted by Universal Design?
Who is positively impacted by Universal Design?
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What are the two strongest and most influential organizations in Universal Design today?
What are the two strongest and most influential organizations in Universal Design today?
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Universal Design is about adapting people to their environment.
Universal Design is about adapting people to their environment.
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What are the Seven Principles of Universal Design?
What are the Seven Principles of Universal Design?
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What is the fundamental need in understanding Universal Design?
What is the fundamental need in understanding Universal Design?
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Universal Design focuses on providing basic access to specific locations for individual disabilities only.
Universal Design focuses on providing basic access to specific locations for individual disabilities only.
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What is human factors and ergonomics?
What is human factors and ergonomics?
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What is anthropometry?
What is anthropometry?
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Define 'Inclusion' according to the Cambridge Dictionary.
Define 'Inclusion' according to the Cambridge Dictionary.
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What are the fundamental requirements for an inclusive environment?
What are the fundamental requirements for an inclusive environment?
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Universal Design is defined as 'the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaption or specialized design' by ____________.
Universal Design is defined as 'the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaption or specialized design' by ____________.
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What are some hazards related to flooring mentioned in the text?
What are some hazards related to flooring mentioned in the text?
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How can language barriers in the built environment affect users?
How can language barriers in the built environment affect users?
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Adaptations in the built environment should be tailored to the intended users of the space.
Adaptations in the built environment should be tailored to the intended users of the space.
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People with strollers may need assistance getting down stairs if there is no ______________ available.
People with strollers may need assistance getting down stairs if there is no ______________ available.
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What kind of field does the cable generate throughout the looped space?
What kind of field does the cable generate throughout the looped space?
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Which devices can pick up the magnetic field generated by the cable? (Select all that apply)
Which devices can pick up the magnetic field generated by the cable? (Select all that apply)
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In which settings can the specialized hand-held hearing loop receivers be used?
In which settings can the specialized hand-held hearing loop receivers be used?
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Teletypewriters, also known as TTY, are a modern technology replacing video calling services like VRS.
Teletypewriters, also known as TTY, are a modern technology replacing video calling services like VRS.
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What is a recommended method of providing information to individuals with memory-related conditions?
What is a recommended method of providing information to individuals with memory-related conditions?
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People with dementia rely more on unfamiliar images and objects for orientation and recognition within the built environment.
People with dementia rely more on unfamiliar images and objects for orientation and recognition within the built environment.
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What should designers consider to minimize anxiety or claustrophobia in physical spaces?
What should designers consider to minimize anxiety or claustrophobia in physical spaces?
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__ lighting should be provided to make a person's body language or facial expressions easier to see.
__ lighting should be provided to make a person's body language or facial expressions easier to see.
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Which materials are mentioned to absorb and dampen sound?
Which materials are mentioned to absorb and dampen sound?
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What type of finishes are suggested for large surfaces to accommodate people with sensory limitations?
What type of finishes are suggested for large surfaces to accommodate people with sensory limitations?
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Excess vibrations in loud environments do not cause distractions for individuals with sensory limitations.
Excess vibrations in loud environments do not cause distractions for individuals with sensory limitations.
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To minimize glare, it is recommended to use non-reflective materials for __________.
To minimize glare, it is recommended to use non-reflective materials for __________.
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What should rest or seating areas accommodate when not in use?
What should rest or seating areas accommodate when not in use?
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What is the recommendation regarding pathways for a person walking with a guide dog or companion?
What is the recommendation regarding pathways for a person walking with a guide dog or companion?
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How can you maximize sightlines to improve awareness of surroundings?
How can you maximize sightlines to improve awareness of surroundings?
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Users of wheelchairs or scooters must be able to comfortably reach controls, doors, etc. without _____.
Users of wheelchairs or scooters must be able to comfortably reach controls, doors, etc. without _____.
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Who is positively impacted by Universal Design?
Who is positively impacted by Universal Design?
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Universal Design is about adapting the environment for people.
Universal Design is about adapting the environment for people.
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What is anthropometry?
What is anthropometry?
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People adapt to their environment, or they modify their environment to better meet their __________.
People adapt to their environment, or they modify their environment to better meet their __________.
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What are the Seven Principles of Universal Design?
What are the Seven Principles of Universal Design?
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Which Principle of Universal Design focuses on providing the same means of use for all users, avoiding segregation or isolation?
Which Principle of Universal Design focuses on providing the same means of use for all users, avoiding segregation or isolation?
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Accessible design primarily focuses on meeting regulatory requirements and not considering the needs of people of all abilities.
Accessible design primarily focuses on meeting regulatory requirements and not considering the needs of people of all abilities.
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Universal Design is defined as 'the design of products and environments to be usable by ___ people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design'.
Universal Design is defined as 'the design of products and environments to be usable by ___ people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design'.
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What is Universal Design aimed at in the design process?
What is Universal Design aimed at in the design process?
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Universal Design is synonymous with compliance with accessible design standards.
Universal Design is synonymous with compliance with accessible design standards.
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Who benefits from Universal Design according to the text?
Who benefits from Universal Design according to the text?
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Universal Design aims to provide a design that takes into account physical, behavioral, and other factors affecting __________.
Universal Design aims to provide a design that takes into account physical, behavioral, and other factors affecting __________.
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Match the economic benefits of Universal Design with their descriptions:
Match the economic benefits of Universal Design with their descriptions:
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What is the goal of a Universally Designed product?
What is the goal of a Universally Designed product?
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According to Principle 3 (Simple and Intuitive Use), what does the design aim to accommodate?
According to Principle 3 (Simple and Intuitive Use), what does the design aim to accommodate?
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Elevator flooring should be light colored to aid depth perception. (True/False)
Elevator flooring should be light colored to aid depth perception. (True/False)
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Universal signage is in ______ locations.
Universal signage is in ______ locations.
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Match the type of hardware with its ease of use:
Match the type of hardware with its ease of use:
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What is the goal of Body fit according to the Eight Goals of Universal Design?
What is the goal of Body fit according to the Eight Goals of Universal Design?
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What should be considered when designing communication to make it easy to understand?
What should be considered when designing communication to make it easy to understand?
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What kind of environments should designers create for individuals sensitive to sensory inputs like noise and visual aspects?
What kind of environments should designers create for individuals sensitive to sensory inputs like noise and visual aspects?
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Designers should consider dimensions and definiton of areas in a physical space to prevent anxiety or claustrophobia. (True/False)
Designers should consider dimensions and definiton of areas in a physical space to prevent anxiety or claustrophobia. (True/False)
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Individuals with dementia rely on familiar __________ to orient and recognize features within the built environment.
Individuals with dementia rely on familiar __________ to orient and recognize features within the built environment.
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What are some hazards related to flooring mentioned in the content?
What are some hazards related to flooring mentioned in the content?
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What can be hazardous for people who are blind or have low vision?
What can be hazardous for people who are blind or have low vision?
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Communication and signage should be consistent in terms of height, aesthetics, language, icons/images, and placement.
Communication and signage should be consistent in terms of height, aesthetics, language, icons/images, and placement.
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For a room intended for daycare or children's after-school activities, small chairs, lower sinks, and ______ and brightly coloured signage may be appropriate.
For a room intended for daycare or children's after-school activities, small chairs, lower sinks, and ______ and brightly coloured signage may be appropriate.
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Match the following sight-related adaptations to the built environment:
Match the following sight-related adaptations to the built environment:
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What are some examples of assistive devices for people who are deaf or hard of hearing mentioned in the text?
What are some examples of assistive devices for people who are deaf or hard of hearing mentioned in the text?
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What is a teletypewriter (TTY) used for?
What is a teletypewriter (TTY) used for?
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Acoustics are important for those who are hard of hearing, and for hearing aid users. Echoes and other noise reverberations should be minimized by the use of __________ and by thoughtful design of the structure of areas.
Acoustics are important for those who are hard of hearing, and for hearing aid users. Echoes and other noise reverberations should be minimized by the use of __________ and by thoughtful design of the structure of areas.
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What should seating areas accommodate when not in use?
What should seating areas accommodate when not in use?
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Is it recommended to provide wide pathways for better accessibility?
Is it recommended to provide wide pathways for better accessibility?
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To improve sightlines in confined spaces, it is suggested to place mirrors on the back wall of __________.
To improve sightlines in confined spaces, it is suggested to place mirrors on the back wall of __________.
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Match the following accessibility recommendations with their correct descriptions:
Match the following accessibility recommendations with their correct descriptions:
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What type of materials can be used to absorb and dampen sound?
What type of materials can be used to absorb and dampen sound?
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What is a recommended approach to minimize visual 'noise' for individuals with sensory limitations?
What is a recommended approach to minimize visual 'noise' for individuals with sensory limitations?
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Good lighting/illumination is important to address difficulties in making out surroundings when they are too bright or too dark. (True/False)
Good lighting/illumination is important to address difficulties in making out surroundings when they are too bright or too dark. (True/False)
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Loud environments can create distractions for people with different levels of hearing, including wearers of devices such as hearing aids or cochlear implants. It is recommended to minimize noise and excess __________.
Loud environments can create distractions for people with different levels of hearing, including wearers of devices such as hearing aids or cochlear implants. It is recommended to minimize noise and excess __________.
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Match the following techniques with their recommendations for individuals with sensory limitations:
Match the following techniques with their recommendations for individuals with sensory limitations:
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Study Notes
Unit 4.1: Universal Design - Principles, Concepts, and Practices
- This unit focuses on integrating Universal Design principles and standards when planning and executing a rating.
- Students will learn about the principles of Universal Design, its concepts, and practices.
A Brief History of Inclusion in the Built Environment
- In 1944, Edmund "Ed" Desjardins identified basic access issues in public buildings.
- In 1949, Ed co-founded the first freestanding rehabilitation clinic for people with spinal cord injuries in North America.
- The clinic, G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre in Vancouver, is still in operation today.
- Ed advocated for legislative change, resulting in Vancouver's first access-related bylaw in 1949.
- The bylaw became the forerunner for the 1979 provincial standards and subsequent code reform in Canada.
The Evolution of Universal Design
- The US-based Barrier-Free Design movement began in the late 1940s.
- The movement was driven by factors such as the large number of Second World War soldiers returning home with disabling injuries.
- By the 1960s, equality of access to the environment had migrated into the civil rights movement.
- In 1968, the International Symbol of Accessibility was adopted.
- The 1970s saw the growth of the Independent Living Movement, advocating for making communities and housing accessible.
- In the 1990s, omnibus legislation in the US (the ADA) and in Ireland and Australia drove a new awareness of the real needs of people with disabilities in the built environment.
- The concept of Universal Design emerged, considering a broad range of individuals, not just those with disabilities.
Definitions of Inclusive and Universal Design
- Inclusive design is defined as "open to everyone; not limited to certain people" (Cambridge Dictionary).
- Universal Design is defined as "the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design" (Ronald Mace, 1988).
The Seven Principles of Universal Design
-
Principle 1: Equitable Use
- Provides the same means of use for all users.
- Avoids segregating, stigmatizing, or isolating any users.
-
Principle 2: Flexibility in Use
- Provides choice in methods of use.
- Accommodates right- or left-handed access and use.
-
Principle 3: Simple and Intuitive Use
- Eliminates unnecessary complexity.
- Is consistent with user expectations and intuition.
-
Principle 4: Perceptible Information
- Uses different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant presentation of essential information.
- Provides adequate contrast between essential information and its surroundings.
-
Principle 5: Tolerance for Error
- Arranges elements to minimize hazards and errors.
- Provides warnings of hazards and errors in a variety of sensory modes.
-
Principle 6: Low Physical Effort
- Allows users to maintain a neutral body position.
- Uses reasonable operating forces.
-
Principle 7: Size and Space for Approach and Use
- Provides appropriate size and space for approach, reach, manipulation, and use, regardless of user's body size, posture, or mobility.### Universal Design Principles
- Provides a clear line of sight to important elements for any seated or standing user
- Makes reach to all components comfortable for any seated or standing user
- Accommodates variations in hand size and grip size
- Provides adequate space for the use of assistive devices or personal assistance
Examples of Universal Design and Non-Universal Design
- Parking spaces: adequate space for maneuvering around a vehicle vs. narrow parking spaces
- Pathways: clear width with adequate space for passing and turning vs. narrow pathways
- Washrooms: adequate turning radius allowance at urinals, within stalls, and behind sinks vs. inadequate space for wheelchairs
The Eight Goals of Universal Design
-
- Body fit: design accommodates people with a wide range of body sizes, statures, and abilities or function
-
- Comfort: design ensures comfort for people with a wide range of body sizes, statures, and abilities or function
-
- Awareness: design ensures critical information is easily perceived
-
- Understanding: methods of operation and use are intuitive, clear, and unambiguous
-
- Wellness: design contributes to health promotion, avoidance of disease, and protection from hazards
-
- Social integration: design treats all groups of people with dignity and respect
-
- Personalization: design offers opportunities for choice and expression of individual preferences
-
- Contextual appropriateness: design respects and reinforces cultural values and the social and environmental context
Ten Things to Know About Universal Design
-
- Universal Design strives to improve the original design concept by making it more inclusive
-
- Universally Designed products can have a high aesthetic value
-
- Universal Design is an approach to designing, not a design style or trend
-
- Universal Design does not aim to replace products targeted at specific markets
-
- Universal Design is not a synonym for compliance with accessible design standards
-
- Universal Design benefits more people than just older people and people with disabilities
-
- Universal Design can be undertaken by any designer, not just specialists
-
- Universal Design should be integrated throughout the design process
-
- Universal Design is not just about "one size fits all"
-
- A Universally Designed product is the goal: Universal Design is the process
The Whole is Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts
- Accessibility or usability can be affected by a range of factors, including medical injuries, unfamiliarity with a product or environment, lack of understanding, physical attributes, and more
- Universal Design aims to provide a design that takes into account these physical, behavioral, and other factors
What is Assistive Technology?
- Assistive technology refers to add-on and/or support products that could make a formerly inaccessible environment more accessible
Economic and Social Benefits of Building Inclusive Environments
- Economic benefits include:
- Anticipating the needs of users by having structural requirements for assistive devices already built into the infrastructure
- Cost savings from operating a Universal Design built environment
- Retail and commercial spaces that are welcoming to people with disabilities will enjoy benefits as the number of active people with disabilities increases
- Social benefits include:
- Reducing the need for retrofits and renovations, reducing construction materials dumped into landfills
- Providing an exponentially increased number of housing options for people with disabilities, older adults, and seniors
- Building and maintaining communities through inclusive design
Beneficiaries of Universal Design
- The beneficiaries of Universal Design include:
- An aging population
- Active people
- Short people, little people
- Tall people
- Frail people
- Pregnant women
- Parents with children in strollers
- Children with aging parents
- Children
- Left-handed people
- People who don't speak the local language
- Visitors to unfamiliar cities
- People using a service animal
- People with all kinds of disabilities### Aging in Place
- Aging in place is not a new concept, but it's something that society has lost sight of.
- People have different perspectives and needs, which can vary due to aspects like size, age, ability, and more.
Human Factors and Ergonomics
- Human factors and ergonomics (HF&E) consider the interaction between people and the products/systems they use.
- HF&E aims to design products and systems that take into account the diversity of human characteristics and abilities.
Anthropometrics
- Anthropometry refers to the measurement of the human individual, including physical properties like body size and shape.
- Anthropometric data is used to design products and spaces that meet the needs of users, considering factors like height, weight, arm length, and more.
Ergonomics
- Ergonomics involves designing products and spaces that are usable, intuitive, and comfortable for users.
- Ergonomics incorporates human measurements, human movement, strength, and stamina, as well as texture, color, and other material preferences.
Fundamental Requirements for an Inclusive Environment
- There are several fundamental requirements for an inclusive environment, including:
- Space and clearance
- Height of controls
- Slope and level change
- Surfaces and texture
- Visual contrast
- Illumination and lighting
- Force
- Shape
- Safety considerations
- Consistency and predictability
Adapting the Environment for People
- People respond differently to their environment, and their responses are determined by their own characteristics or roles.
- Adaptations can be made to the environment to accommodate people with different abilities, such as wheelchair users, people with strollers, and people with hearing or sight impairments.
Sight-Related Adaptations
- People with sight-related challenges adapt to their environment using other senses, such as hearing, touch, and smell.
- Adaptations can be made to the environment to accommodate people with sight-related challenges, such as:
- Using consistent and logical layouts
- Avoiding obstacles and uneven flooring
- Providing clear pathways and free spaces
- Using color contrast and high-contrast lighting
- Avoiding glare and gloss
- Providing sensory clues, such as Braille and raised lettering
Hearing-Related Adaptations
- People with hearing-related limitations rely on other senses, such as visual and tactile information.
- Adaptations can be made to the environment to accommodate people with hearing-related challenges, such as:
- Using written information and signage
- Providing assistive technology, such as hearing aids and FM loops
- Considering acoustics in the design of spaces
Unit 4.1: Universal Design - Principles, Concepts, and Practices
- This unit focuses on integrating Universal Design principles and standards when planning and executing a rating.
- Students will learn about the principles of Universal Design, its concepts, and practices.
A Brief History of Inclusion in the Built Environment
- In 1944, Edmund "Ed" Desjardins identified basic access issues in public buildings.
- In 1949, Ed co-founded the first freestanding rehabilitation clinic for people with spinal cord injuries in North America.
- The clinic, G.F. Strong Rehabilitation Centre in Vancouver, is still in operation today.
- Ed advocated for legislative change, resulting in Vancouver's first access-related bylaw in 1949.
- The bylaw became the forerunner for the 1979 provincial standards and subsequent code reform in Canada.
The Evolution of Universal Design
- The US-based Barrier-Free Design movement began in the late 1940s.
- The movement was driven by factors such as the large number of Second World War soldiers returning home with disabling injuries.
- By the 1960s, equality of access to the environment had migrated into the civil rights movement.
- In 1968, the International Symbol of Accessibility was adopted.
- The 1970s saw the growth of the Independent Living Movement, advocating for making communities and housing accessible.
- In the 1990s, omnibus legislation in the US (the ADA) and in Ireland and Australia drove a new awareness of the real needs of people with disabilities in the built environment.
- The concept of Universal Design emerged, considering a broad range of individuals, not just those with disabilities.
Definitions of Inclusive and Universal Design
- Inclusive design is defined as "open to everyone; not limited to certain people" (Cambridge Dictionary).
- Universal Design is defined as "the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design" (Ronald Mace, 1988).
The Seven Principles of Universal Design
-
Principle 1: Equitable Use
- Provides the same means of use for all users.
- Avoids segregating, stigmatizing, or isolating any users.
-
Principle 2: Flexibility in Use
- Provides choice in methods of use.
- Accommodates right- or left-handed access and use.
-
Principle 3: Simple and Intuitive Use
- Eliminates unnecessary complexity.
- Is consistent with user expectations and intuition.
-
Principle 4: Perceptible Information
- Uses different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant presentation of essential information.
- Provides adequate contrast between essential information and its surroundings.
-
Principle 5: Tolerance for Error
- Arranges elements to minimize hazards and errors.
- Provides warnings of hazards and errors in a variety of sensory modes.
-
Principle 6: Low Physical Effort
- Allows users to maintain a neutral body position.
- Uses reasonable operating forces.
-
Principle 7: Size and Space for Approach and Use
- Provides appropriate size and space for approach, reach, manipulation, and use, regardless of user's body size, posture, or mobility.### Universal Design Principles
- Provides a clear line of sight to important elements for any seated or standing user
- Makes reach to all components comfortable for any seated or standing user
- Accommodates variations in hand size and grip size
- Provides adequate space for the use of assistive devices or personal assistance
Examples of Universal Design and Non-Universal Design
- Parking spaces: adequate space for maneuvering around a vehicle vs. narrow parking spaces
- Pathways: clear width with adequate space for passing and turning vs. narrow pathways
- Washrooms: adequate turning radius allowance at urinals, within stalls, and behind sinks vs. inadequate space for wheelchairs
The Eight Goals of Universal Design
-
- Body fit: design accommodates people with a wide range of body sizes, statures, and abilities or function
-
- Comfort: design ensures comfort for people with a wide range of body sizes, statures, and abilities or function
-
- Awareness: design ensures critical information is easily perceived
-
- Understanding: methods of operation and use are intuitive, clear, and unambiguous
-
- Wellness: design contributes to health promotion, avoidance of disease, and protection from hazards
-
- Social integration: design treats all groups of people with dignity and respect
-
- Personalization: design offers opportunities for choice and expression of individual preferences
-
- Contextual appropriateness: design respects and reinforces cultural values and the social and environmental context
Ten Things to Know About Universal Design
-
- Universal Design strives to improve the original design concept by making it more inclusive
-
- Universally Designed products can have a high aesthetic value
-
- Universal Design is an approach to designing, not a design style or trend
-
- Universal Design does not aim to replace products targeted at specific markets
-
- Universal Design is not a synonym for compliance with accessible design standards
-
- Universal Design benefits more people than just older people and people with disabilities
-
- Universal Design can be undertaken by any designer, not just specialists
-
- Universal Design should be integrated throughout the design process
-
- Universal Design is not just about "one size fits all"
-
- A Universally Designed product is the goal: Universal Design is the process
The Whole is Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts
- Accessibility or usability can be affected by a range of factors, including medical injuries, unfamiliarity with a product or environment, lack of understanding, physical attributes, and more
- Universal Design aims to provide a design that takes into account these physical, behavioral, and other factors
What is Assistive Technology?
- Assistive technology refers to add-on and/or support products that could make a formerly inaccessible environment more accessible
Economic and Social Benefits of Building Inclusive Environments
- Economic benefits include:
- Anticipating the needs of users by having structural requirements for assistive devices already built into the infrastructure
- Cost savings from operating a Universal Design built environment
- Retail and commercial spaces that are welcoming to people with disabilities will enjoy benefits as the number of active people with disabilities increases
- Social benefits include:
- Reducing the need for retrofits and renovations, reducing construction materials dumped into landfills
- Providing an exponentially increased number of housing options for people with disabilities, older adults, and seniors
- Building and maintaining communities through inclusive design
Beneficiaries of Universal Design
- The beneficiaries of Universal Design include:
- An aging population
- Active people
- Short people, little people
- Tall people
- Frail people
- Pregnant women
- Parents with children in strollers
- Children with aging parents
- Children
- Left-handed people
- People who don't speak the local language
- Visitors to unfamiliar cities
- People using a service animal
- People with all kinds of disabilities### Aging in Place
- Aging in place is not a new concept, but it has been lost sight of in society.
- It involves designing spaces that cater to people's diverse needs and abilities.
Human Factors and Ergonomics
- Human factors and ergonomics (HF&E) consider the interaction between people and their environment.
- It involves designing products, systems, or processes that take into account the users' physical and cognitive abilities.
- Anthropometry, the study of human body measurements, is a crucial aspect of HF&E.
Anthropometry
- Anthropometry refers to the measurement of human body dimensions and abilities.
- It includes static anthropometry (measurement of body sizes at rest) and functional anthropometry (measurement of abilities related to completing tasks).
- Anthropometric data is used to design products and spaces that are comfortable and accessible for users.
Ergonomics
- Ergonomics is the relationship between people and the products they use.
- It incorporates anthropometric data to design products that meet users' needs and are comfortable to use.
- Ergonomics also considers factors like force, movement, and texture.
Inclusive Environment
- An inclusive environment is designed to be accessible and usable by everyone, regardless of their abilities or disabilities.
- Fundamental requirements for an inclusive environment include:
- Space and clearance
- Height of controls
- Slope and level change
- Surfaces and texture
- Visual contrast
- Illumination and lighting
- Force
- Shape
- Safety considerations
- Consistency and predictability
Adapting the Environment
- People respond differently to their environment based on their individual characteristics and abilities.
- The built environment should be adapted to meet the needs of diverse users, including those with disabilities.
- Adapting the environment involves considering factors like:
- Materials and maintenance
- Types of hazards
- Communication and signage
- Universal Design principles
Sight-Related Challenges
- People with sight-related challenges, such as blindness and low vision, adapt to their environment by relying on other senses like hearing, touch, and smell.
- Design features that cater to people with sight-related challenges include:
- Clear pathways with even flooring surfaces
- Logical and straightforward layout
- Clustering of amenities
- Avoiding colour-coded distinctions
- Using high-contrast colours and lighting
Hearing-Related Challenges
- People with hearing-related challenges, such as deafness and hard of hearing, rely on other senses like vision and touch.
- Design features that cater to people with hearing-related challenges include:
- Acoustics and noise reduction
- Written information and signage
- Support and assistive technology like hearing aids and cochlear implants
- FM or induction loops for amplifying sound
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Description
Learn about the Seven Principles of Universal Design and their application in the built environment, promoting accessibility and inclusivity for all.