Universal Adhesive Cements in Dentistry
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of luting cement in indirect restorations?

  • It acts as a vital link between the restoration and the tooth (correct)
  • It enhances the taste of the preparation
  • It provides color to the restoration
  • It increases the temperature of the restoration

    • Which property makes resin cements different from conventional luting cements?

  • They have lower wear resistance
  • They have lower compressive strength
  • They have higher flexibility
  • They have higher tensile strength (correct)

    • In which stage of the production process of fixed prosthetic restorations is cementation performed?

  • Optional stage
  • Initial stage
  • Final stage (correct)
  • Middle stage

    • Which type of luting cements are preferred for cementation purposes?

    <p>Permanent cements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many groups are luting cements divided into according to their chemistries?

    <p>6 groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apart from luting and bonding indirect restorations, what other purpose can cements serve in dentistry?

    <p>As a cavity lining material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor for retention of crowns, bridges, inlays, and onlays?

    <p>Friction between the walls of the preparation and the internal surface of the restoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of strength do resin cements have in comparison to conventional luting cements?

    <p>Higher wear resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of temporary or permanent cement is preferred for cementation purposes?

    <p>Permanent cements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of luting cement is one of the newest types used to lute and bond indirect restorations?

    <p>Glass ionomer, silicate, and resin cements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cement comes in a single syringe and can only polymerize with the application of light?

    <p>Light-cured resin cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key disadvantage of self-etch resin cements?

    <p>Weaker bond strengths to the dentin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cement involves etching the enamel and dentin with phosphoric acid?

    <p>Total-etch resin cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common step usually ignored in self-etch adhesives?

    <p>Air-drying after adhesive application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cement is simpler to use as phosphoric acid etching is eliminated?

    <p>Self-etch resin cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of self-adhesive resin cements?

    <p>Good bond strength to the dentin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cement needs tooth isolation, preferably with a rubber dam, for successful cementation?

    <p>Total-etch resin cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of light-cured resin cements?

    <p>Good bond strength to the dentin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of resin cements can bond to the tooth surface without the need for prior etching and bonding?

    <p>Self-etch resin cements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of etch-and-rinse resin cements?

    <p>Ability to bond to highly calcified tooth structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of self-etch resin cements?

    <p>Postoperative sensitivity on dentin surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indications for using etch-and-rinse resin cements?

    <p>Preparations on highly calcified tooth structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a selective etch technique with etch-and-rinse resin cements?

    <p>To increase bond strengths to enamel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are total-etch dual-cured resin cements not recommended for veneers?

    <p>Self-cured mechanism causing color shift during aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does wettability refer to?

    <p>Molecular interactions between the adhesive and the substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shapes do liquids tend to form when placed on a surface?

    <p>Spheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of surface roughness on wettability of a surface by liquids?

    <p>It increases wettability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the viscosity of an adhesive to allow it to penetrate into the details of the substrate surface without leaving porosities?

    <p>Low viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of self-adhesive resin cements over total-etch and self-etch resin cements?

    <p>They require fewer clinical steps and are less technique sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should self-adhesive resin cements be refrigerated and kept away from sunlight?

    <p>To prevent degradation of the acidic monomers due to heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way are self-adhesive resin cements similar to total-etch and self-etch resin cements?

    <p>They react chemically and micromechanically with the dentin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should self-adhesive resin cements take precedence over self-etch resin cements?

    <p>For highly tapered preparations and short crowns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using self-adhesive resin cements when retention is the main issue?

    <p>They have lower bond strengths with dentin and enamel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes self-adhesive resin cements good alternatives to total-etch and self-etch resin cements?

    <p>They require fewer clinical steps and are less technique sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for using self-adhesive resin cements over conventional luting cements?

    <p>For areas of the mouth that are difficult to isolate such as the posterior segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of the dispenser used for self-adhesive resin cements?

    <p>It provides auto-mixing of the base and catalyst paste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do some authors recommend the use of self-adhesive resin cements for?

    <p>For areas of the mouth that are difficult to isolate such as the posterior segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a comparative disadvantage of self-adhesive resin cements when compared to etch-and-rinse and self-etch resin cements?

    <p>Their initial high bond strengths decrease with time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of luting cement in indirect restorations?

    <p>Luting cement plays a vital link between the restoration and the tooth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many groups are luting cements divided into according to their chemistries?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor for retention of crowns, bridges, inlays, and onlays?

    <p>Friction between the walls of the preparation and the internal surface of the restoration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of etch-and-rinse resin cements?

    <p>They can achieve high bond strengths to enamel and dentin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of the dispenser used for self-adhesive resin cements?

    <p>It dispenses the cement and mixes it simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for using self-adhesive resin cements over conventional luting cements?

    <p>When a simplified cementation process is desired.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indications for using etch-and-rinse resin cements?

    <p>When high bond strengths to enamel and dentin are required.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should self-adhesive resin cements be refrigerated and kept away from sunlight?

    <p>To prevent premature polymerization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does wettability refer to?

    <p>The ability of a liquid to maintain contact with a solid surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of light-cured resin cements?

    <p>They allow for extended working time before polymerization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indications for using self-etch resin cements?

    <p>Crowns and bridges with a lot of healthy dentin exposed, compromised retention, repeatedly dislodged crowns, inlays and onlays with deep cavities and few remaining walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages of self-etch resin cements?

    <p>Good bond strength to dentin, ease of use, less risk of over-etching dentin, less risk of postoperative sensitivity, smear layer is not removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tooth isolation in the cementation process with self-etch resin cements?

    <p>To ensure proper sealing of the dentinal tubules and to prevent incompatibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should self-etch resin cements be refrigerated and kept away from sunlight?

    <p>Heat degrades the acidic monomers in the cements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key factors for successful cementation and preventing postoperative sensitivity with etch-and-rinse resin cements?

    <p>Avoiding over-drying the tooth, limiting etching time on dentin, ensuring proper sealing of dentinal tubules, using proper tooth isolation, and using a self-cured activator with self- or dual-cured resin cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of etch-and-rinse resin cements?

    <p>Yielding the highest bond strengths to the enamel among all resin cements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique feature of the dispenser used for self-adhesive resin cements?

    <p>The dispenser ensures equal amounts of cements are dispensed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shapes do liquids tend to form when placed on a surface?

    <p>Liquids tend to form menisci or droplets on a surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of self-adhesive resin cements?

    <p>Relatively weaker bonds to enamel and highly calcified tooth structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of luting cement in indirect restorations?

    <p>To bond and retain the indirect restorations in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages of self-adhesive resin cements over total-etch and self-etch resin cements?

    <p>Good alternatives to the more complicated-to-use and technique-sensitive total-etch and self-etch resin cements. They can be used for most restoration types, regardless of the restoration material except veneers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should self-adhesive resin cements take precedence over self-etch resin cements?

    <p>When retention is the main issue and there is a lot of dentin exposed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for using self-adhesive resin cements over conventional luting cements?

    <p>When retention is compromised, such as too tapered preparations, short crowns, and onlay preparations with little tooth structures and walls remaining, and isolation and time constraints are a problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should self-adhesive resin cements be refrigerated and kept away from sunlight?

    <p>As they contain acidic monomers that degrade with heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a comparative disadvantage of self-adhesive resin cements when compared to etch-and-rinse and self-etch resin cements?

    <p>They show lower bond strengths and initially high bond strengths tend to decrease with time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do some authors recommend the use of self-adhesive resin cements for?

    <p>Areas of the mouth that are difficult to isolate, such as the posterior segments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of etch-and-rinse resin cements?

    <p>They have higher bond strengths and are more durable when retention is the main issue and there is a lot of dentin exposed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor for retention of crowns, bridges, inlays, and onlays?

    <p>When retention is the main issue and there is a lot of dentin exposed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of the dispenser used for self-adhesive resin cements?

    <p>It is a special double-barreled dispenser that makes it possible for the base and catalyst paste to be dispensed simultaneously and equally onto an auto-mix tip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a selective etch technique with etch-and-rinse resin cements?

    <p>The selective etch technique is used to etch only the enamel and not the dentin, to improve the bond strengths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the establishment of molecular interactions between a substrate and an adhesive?

    <p>Adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cement yields the highest bond strengths to enamel in current clinical practice?

    <p>Etch-and-rinse resin cements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the selective etch technique involve when using etch-and-rinse resin cements?

    <p>Etching with phosphoric acid the enamel margins only for 20 s, washing off the etchant, drying the tooth, and applying a self-etch adhesive on both the enamel and dentin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indications for using etch-and-rinse resin cements?

    <p>Restorations where the predominant tooth structure present is the enamel, preparations on highly calcified tooth structures, enamel margins of inlays and onlays, cementation of low-strength ceramics, and Maryland bridges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages of total-etch resin cements?

    <p>Higher bond strengths to enamel and other highly calcified tooth structures, high bond strength to dentin if used properly, and good shade matching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the dual-cured activator in total-etch dual-cured resin cements?

    <p>It serves as a barrier between the acidic single-bottle dentin-bonding agent and the amines of the dual-cured or self-cured resin cement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are total-etch dual-cured resin cements not recommended for veneers?

    <p>Limited working time to properly fit and seat the veneers due to their self-curing mode, and the yellowing effect during aging causing color shift.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the disadvantages of etch-and-rinse resin cements?

    <p>Multistep, technique-sensitive, possibility of postoperative sensitivity if not used properly on dentin surfaces, and prolonged phosphoric acid etching can lead to decreased bond strengths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shapes do liquids tend to form when placed on a surface due to the shape with the lowest surface area and minimum surface energy?

    <p>Spheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property increases the wettability of a surface by liquids?

    <p>Surface roughness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-adhesive resin cements do not require a separate ______ procedure on the tooth as phosphoric acid is grafted in the resin in the form of phosphoric esters.

    <p>bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-adhesive resin cements are dual ______.

    <p>cured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-adhesive resin cements come in a special double-barreled dispenser that makes it possible for the base and catalyst paste to be dispensed simultaneously and equally onto an auto-mix tip that enables the operator to apply it directly to the restoration and ______ margins.

    <p>preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-adhesive resin cements contain acidic monomers that degrade with ______, they should be refrigerated and kept away from sunlight.

    <p>heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-adhesive resin cements produce adequate bonds to the ______ and enamel.

    <p>dentin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-adhesive resin cements show lower bond strengths compared to etch-and-rinse and self-etch resin cements, and the bond strengths tend to decrease with ______.

    <p>time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-adhesive resin cements are not as technique sensitive as the etch-and-rinse cements due to less risk of ______.

    <p>contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-adhesive resin cements are recommended for areas of the mouth that are difficult to isolate such as the ______ segments.

    <p>posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-adhesive resin cements are the resin cements of choice for high-strength ceramics such as ______ and alumina.

    <p>zirconia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-adhesive resin cements are also indicated over conventional luting cements when retention is compromised, such as too tapered preparations, short crowns, and onlay preparations with little tooth structures and walls remaining, and ______ and time constraints are a problem.

    <p>isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Resin cements should bond both to the ______ structure and the internal surface of the restoration.

    <p>tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wettability is the result of molecular interactions between the adhesive and the substrate, as well as the cohesion forces of the adhesive, particularly its surface ______.

    <p>tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contact angles less than 90 degrees indicate a favorable wetting of the ______.

    <p>surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Surface roughness increases the wettability of the surface by ______.

    <p>liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Viscosity influences the contact of the adhesive with the ______.

    <p>substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Etch-And-Rinse Resin Cements involve etching with 36–37 % phosphoric acid followed by an application of a single layer of the single-bottle self-priming adhesive (dentin-bonding agent or ______) prior to cementation with the resin cement.

    <p>DBA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Total-etch resin cements either come in two-paste systems or paste-powder systems and with their corresponding etchant and single-bottle dentin-bonding agents. A self-cured activator is also included with the ______.

    <p>kit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Total-etch dual-cured resin cements come in two-paste systems (base paste and catalyst paste). When the base and catalyst pastes are mixed together, they set by both self- and ______ mechanisms.

    <p>light-cured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    These cements are not recommended for veneers as there is limited working time to properly fit and seat the veneers due to their ______ mode.

    <p>self-curing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Total-etch dual-cured resin cements come in two-paste systems (base paste and catalyst paste). When the base and catalyst pastes are mixed together, they set by both ______- and light-cured mechanisms.

    <p>self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The self-adhesive resin cements are the newest in this category. These cements are very specific as to the type of adhesive that should be used in conjunction with them to avoid any ______.

    <p>incompatibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-etch resin cements are usually stored under refrigeration and away from sunlight as heat degrades the acidic monomers. This is due to the fact that most self-etch resin cements need refrigeration as the acidic monomers degrade with ______.

    <p>heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The keys to successful cementation and preventing postoperative sensitivity with etch-and-rinse resin cements are as follows: Do not over-dry the tooth, especially after ______. The surface should appear glossy.

    <p>etching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-adhesive resin cements are usually stored under refrigeration and away from sunlight as ______ degrades the acidic monomers.

    <p>heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-etch resin cements are usually stored under refrigeration and away from sunlight as ______ degrades the acidic monomers.

    <p>heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The adhesive should be air-dried for about 5–10 s as drying removes the residual acidic hydrogen ions and ______. If not air-dried, the hydrogen and ethanol remain in the set adhesive layer.

    <p>ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-etch resin cements yield comparable, if not higher dentin bond strengths to total-etch resin cements. Generally, however, bond strengths to the enamel are weaker than that of total-etch systems. They bond better to the dentin than to the enamel. This can be attributed to the weaker etchants in self-priming systems (acidic monomer vs. ______ acid).

    <p>phosphoric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-etch resin cements are usually stored under refrigeration and away from sunlight as ______ degrades the acidic monomers.

    <p>heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-etch resin cements are usually stored under refrigeration and away from sunlight as ______ degrades the acidic monomers.

    <p>heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The keys to successful cementation with these cements are as follows: Data shows that self-etch resin cements yield comparable, if not higher dentin bond strengths to total-etch resin cements. Generally, however, bond strengths to the enamel are weaker than that of total-etch systems. They bond better to the dentin than to the enamel. This can be attributed to the weaker etchants in self-priming systems (acidic monomer vs. ______ acid).

    <p>phosphoric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In indirect restorations such as crowns, bridges, inlays, onlays, and posts, luting cement plays a vital link between the restoration and the tooth. Although the retention of crowns, bridges, inlays, and onlays depends primarily on friction between the walls of the preparation and the internal surface of the restoration, the cement is still an integral part of the indirect restoration assembly. In dentistry, cements can be used as cavity base material, cavity lining material, restorative material or as an adhesive agent. The final stage after the completion of the production processes of fixed prosthetic restorations is cementation. For this purpose, luting cements are preferred. Since cementation can be done for temporary or permanent purposes; luting cements are basically divided into two as temporary and permanent cements. In accordance to their chemistries, there are 6 luting cement groups: (i) Zinc oxide eugenol, (ii) Zinc phosphate, (iii) Zinc poly-carboxylate, (iv) Glass ionomer, silicate, and ______ cements. RESIN CEMENTS Resin cements are the newest types of cements used to lute and bond indirect restorations. They have higher compressive, tensile, and flexural strength and wear resistance compared to the conventional luting cements.

    <p>resin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Resin cements are the newest types of cements used to lute and bond indirect restorations. They have higher compressive, tensile, and flexural ______ and wear resistance compared to the conventional luting cements.

    <p>strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dentistry, cements can be used as cavity base material, cavity lining material, restorative material or as an adhesive agent. The final stage after the completion of the production processes of fixed prosthetic restorations is ______. For this purpose, luting cements are preferred. Since ______ can be done for temporary or permanent purposes; luting cements are basically divided into two as temporary and permanent cements.

    <p>cementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In accordance to their chemistries, there are 6 luting cement ______: (i) Zinc oxide eugenol, (ii) Zinc phosphate, (iii) Zinc poly-carboxylate, (iv) Glass ionomer, silicate, and resin cements.

    <p>groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Since cementation can be done for temporary or permanent purposes; luting cements are basically ______ into two as temporary and permanent cements.

    <p>divided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Zinc oxide eugenol, Zinc phosphate, Zinc poly-carboxylate, Glass ionomer, ______, and resin cements are the 6 luting cement groups according to their chemistries.

    <p>silicate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    They have higher compressive, tensile, and flexural strength and wear ______ compared to the conventional luting cements.

    <p>resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Resin cements are the newest types of cements used to lute and bond ______ restorations. They have higher compressive, tensile, and flexural strength and wear resistance compared to the conventional luting cements.

    <p>indirect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dentistry, cements can be used as cavity base material, cavity lining material, restorative material or as an ______ agent.

    <p>adhesive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For this purpose, luting cements are ______. Since cementation can be done for temporary or permanent purposes; luting cements are basically divided into two as temporary and permanent cements.

    <p>preferred</p> Signup and view all the answers

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