Unit 9: Animal Kingdom - Nematoda Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of symmetry do nematodes have?

Bilateral.

How many body openings do nematodes have?

Two.

What three digestive parts do nematodes have?

Mouth, intestine, anus.

The nematodes are the first phylum with two _____ _____________.

<p>Body openings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do nematodes eat?

<p>Digested food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many species of nematodes are parasitic?

<ol start="1200"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Nematodes are the first to live ___ _______.

<p>On land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three environments do nematodes live in?

<p>Marine, freshwater, soil (moist).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a huge indicator that a worm is in Phylum Nematoda?

<p>Tapered ends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do roundworms, or nematodes, move?

<p>Side to side in a wiggling fashion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do nematodes wiggle the way they do?

<p>They have paired lengthwise muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a nematode's cuticle do?

<p>Prevent digestion inside the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nematodes are the first with separate ________.

<p>Sexes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does an Ascaris live?

<p>Intestine of the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do you get hookworms?

<p>Walking barefoot in contaminated soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hookworms enter the body?

<p>Burrowing into the skin, making their way from the bloodstream to the intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is elephantiasis caused?

<p>Roundworms enter lymph nodes/blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is river blindness caused?

<p>When roundworms enter eyes and cause blindness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of roundworms cause elephantiasis and river blindness?

<p>Filarial worms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are there any external sense organs on the Ascaris?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are Ascaris smooth or rough?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are there any projections such as bristles on the Ascaris?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you tell male and female Ascaris apart?

<p>The male has a curved posterior end, called a penile spicule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Ascaris eat?

<p>Pre-digested food in the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the Ascaris have such a simple digestive system?

<p>It eats pre-digested food, which doesn't require processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does Ascaris have a brain?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced in the ovaries?

<p>Eggs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the vagina open to the outside of the worm?

<p>The anterior end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced in the testes?

<p>Sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the vas deferens open to the outside of the worm?

<p>The penile spicule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

True/false: Most roundworms are parasitic.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the lengthwise muscles in Ascaris work?

<p>One contracts while the other relaxes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would a trichina worm get inside a human?

<p>After pigs eat raw, infected meat scraps, and humans eat those pigs, the worms travel to the human.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What things do hookworms cause?

<p>Blood loss and tiredness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do pinworms get inside a host?

<p>By contact through skin/mouth with contaminated soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pinworms are most common in _____.

<p>Kids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nematoda Overview

  • Nematodes exhibit bilateral symmetry, a characteristic that influences their body plan and movement.
  • They possess two body openings, marking a significant evolutionary advancement in the animal kingdom.

Digestive System

  • The digestive system consists of a mouth, intestine, and anus, allowing for a complete digestive tract.
  • Nematodes feed on pre-digested food, which requires a simple digestive system without the need for food processing.

Habitats and Species

  • Nematodes are adapted to diverse environments, including marine, freshwater, and moist soil, with some being the first to inhabit land.
  • Approximately 1,200 species of nematodes are known to be parasitic, indicating their ecological and economic significance.

Movement and Anatomy

  • Roundworms move in a side-to-side wiggling motion due to paired lengthwise muscles.
  • Unique body features include tapered ends, which help identify nematodes among other worm types.

Reproductive Characteristics

  • Nematodes are dioecious, having separate sexes, an important aspect of their reproductive biology.
  • Male Ascaris can be distinguished by a curved posterior end with a structure called a penile spicule, while females possess a vagina that opens at the anterior end.

Parasitic Lifestyle and Disease

  • Parasitic nematodes, such as hookworms, enter hosts by burrowing through the skin, often acquired by walking barefoot in contaminated soil.
  • Conditions like elephantiasis and river blindness are caused by filarial worms, which invade lymph nodes and blood vessels, or the eyes, respectively.

Common Nematodes and Their Impact

  • Ascaris is a notable parasite residing in the intestines of hosts, consuming pre-digested food without a complex digestive system or brain.
  • Common ailments caused by hookworms include blood loss and fatigue, while pinworms primarily affect children through oral or skin contact with contaminated sources.

Morphological Features

  • Ascaris has a smooth texture with no external sense organs or projections like bristles, which aids in its adaptation to parasitism.
  • Female and male reproductive structures include ovaries producing eggs and testes producing sperm, respectively, with specific openings to facilitate reproduction.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Nematoda, a fascinating phylum in the Animal Kingdom. This quiz covers the basic anatomy, symmetry, and digestive system of nematodes. Discover how these organisms have shaped our understanding of biology!

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