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Questions and Answers
What type of symmetry do nematodes have?
What type of symmetry do nematodes have?
Bilateral.
How many body openings do nematodes have?
How many body openings do nematodes have?
Two.
What three digestive parts do nematodes have?
What three digestive parts do nematodes have?
Mouth, intestine, anus.
The nematodes are the first phylum with two _____ _____________.
The nematodes are the first phylum with two _____ _____________.
What do nematodes eat?
What do nematodes eat?
How many species of nematodes are parasitic?
How many species of nematodes are parasitic?
Nematodes are the first to live ___ _______.
Nematodes are the first to live ___ _______.
What three environments do nematodes live in?
What three environments do nematodes live in?
What is a huge indicator that a worm is in Phylum Nematoda?
What is a huge indicator that a worm is in Phylum Nematoda?
How do roundworms, or nematodes, move?
How do roundworms, or nematodes, move?
Why do nematodes wiggle the way they do?
Why do nematodes wiggle the way they do?
What does a nematode's cuticle do?
What does a nematode's cuticle do?
Nematodes are the first with separate ________.
Nematodes are the first with separate ________.
Where does an Ascaris live?
Where does an Ascaris live?
Where do you get hookworms?
Where do you get hookworms?
How do hookworms enter the body?
How do hookworms enter the body?
How is elephantiasis caused?
How is elephantiasis caused?
How is river blindness caused?
How is river blindness caused?
What type of roundworms cause elephantiasis and river blindness?
What type of roundworms cause elephantiasis and river blindness?
Are there any external sense organs on the Ascaris?
Are there any external sense organs on the Ascaris?
Are Ascaris smooth or rough?
Are Ascaris smooth or rough?
Are there any projections such as bristles on the Ascaris?
Are there any projections such as bristles on the Ascaris?
How do you tell male and female Ascaris apart?
How do you tell male and female Ascaris apart?
What does Ascaris eat?
What does Ascaris eat?
Why does the Ascaris have such a simple digestive system?
Why does the Ascaris have such a simple digestive system?
Does Ascaris have a brain?
Does Ascaris have a brain?
What is produced in the ovaries?
What is produced in the ovaries?
Where does the vagina open to the outside of the worm?
Where does the vagina open to the outside of the worm?
What is produced in the testes?
What is produced in the testes?
Where do the vas deferens open to the outside of the worm?
Where do the vas deferens open to the outside of the worm?
True/false: Most roundworms are parasitic.
True/false: Most roundworms are parasitic.
How do the lengthwise muscles in Ascaris work?
How do the lengthwise muscles in Ascaris work?
How would a trichina worm get inside a human?
How would a trichina worm get inside a human?
What things do hookworms cause?
What things do hookworms cause?
How do pinworms get inside a host?
How do pinworms get inside a host?
Pinworms are most common in _____.
Pinworms are most common in _____.
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Study Notes
Nematoda Overview
- Nematodes exhibit bilateral symmetry, a characteristic that influences their body plan and movement.
- They possess two body openings, marking a significant evolutionary advancement in the animal kingdom.
Digestive System
- The digestive system consists of a mouth, intestine, and anus, allowing for a complete digestive tract.
- Nematodes feed on pre-digested food, which requires a simple digestive system without the need for food processing.
Habitats and Species
- Nematodes are adapted to diverse environments, including marine, freshwater, and moist soil, with some being the first to inhabit land.
- Approximately 1,200 species of nematodes are known to be parasitic, indicating their ecological and economic significance.
Movement and Anatomy
- Roundworms move in a side-to-side wiggling motion due to paired lengthwise muscles.
- Unique body features include tapered ends, which help identify nematodes among other worm types.
Reproductive Characteristics
- Nematodes are dioecious, having separate sexes, an important aspect of their reproductive biology.
- Male Ascaris can be distinguished by a curved posterior end with a structure called a penile spicule, while females possess a vagina that opens at the anterior end.
Parasitic Lifestyle and Disease
- Parasitic nematodes, such as hookworms, enter hosts by burrowing through the skin, often acquired by walking barefoot in contaminated soil.
- Conditions like elephantiasis and river blindness are caused by filarial worms, which invade lymph nodes and blood vessels, or the eyes, respectively.
Common Nematodes and Their Impact
- Ascaris is a notable parasite residing in the intestines of hosts, consuming pre-digested food without a complex digestive system or brain.
- Common ailments caused by hookworms include blood loss and fatigue, while pinworms primarily affect children through oral or skin contact with contaminated sources.
Morphological Features
- Ascaris has a smooth texture with no external sense organs or projections like bristles, which aids in its adaptation to parasitism.
- Female and male reproductive structures include ovaries producing eggs and testes producing sperm, respectively, with specific openings to facilitate reproduction.
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