Unit 7: Diagnostic Testing Fundamental of Nursing

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of using an arthroscope according to the text?

To remove a sample of bone marrow

To visualize, diagnose, and treat problems inside a joints (correct)

To examine the lower rectum and anal canal

To investigate the reasons for an abnormal Pap test result

When might a colposcopy-directed biopsy be performed?

To diagnose diseases such as leukemia

To investigate the reasons for an abnormal Pap test result (correct)

To remove breast lumps

To diagnose conditions of the liver or thyroid

What is the purpose of an excisional biopsy?

To remove breast lumps (correct)

To investigate the reasons for an abnormal Pap test result

To diagnose diseases such as leukemia

To diagnose various skin conditions

What type of biopsy may be used to diagnose conditions of the liver or thyroid?

Needle biopsy Signup and view all the answers

When is a punch biopsy usually performed according to the text?

To remove various skin conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of biopsy involves removing a small sample of bone marrow from the hip?

Bone marrow biopsy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between noninvasive and invasive diagnostic tests?

Noninvasive tests do not enter the body with an instrument, while invasive tests involve accessing the body's tissue, organ, or cavity with instrumentation. Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of diagnostic testing does the nurse focus on specimen collection?

Intra-test Phase Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial component that a nurse should assess for before diagnostic testing according to the text?

Physical and communicative limitations or preexisting conditions Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for the nurse to review the medical record before diagnostic testing?

To check for herbal supplements, allergies, and adverse reactions to dyes Signup and view all the answers

What does the Pretest Phase of diagnostic testing primarily focus on?

Client preparation Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of diagnostic testing does the nurse compare previous and current test results?

Post-test Phase Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure involves withdrawing CSF through a needle inserted in the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal?

Lumbar puncture Signup and view all the answers

In lumbar puncture documentation, what should be recorded regarding anesthesia or medications administered?

Type of anesthesia or medications administered Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure may require analgesia or sedation among the listed diagnostic procedures?

Bone marrow aspiration Signup and view all the answers

In lumbar puncture documentation, what is the reason for transporting the client to another area?

To monitor client's tolerance of the procedure Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical piece of information to include in lumbar puncture documentation regarding symptoms?

Client's pain and discomfort level Signup and view all the answers

What does an Electrocardiogram (ECG) test measure?

Heart's electrical activity Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test examines joint structures, primarily focusing on the knee?

Arthroscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Cardiac Ultrasonography (Echocardiography)?

To check heart valves and heart wall movement Signup and view all the answers

What does a Holter ECG test aim to monitor over twenty-four hours?

Extrasystoles occurrence time Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic procedure examines the cervix and vagina following a positive Pap smear?

Colposcopy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of an Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) procedure?

To examine the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial aspect of monitoring for clients scheduled for invasive testing?

Checking vital signs to establish baseline data Signup and view all the answers

When discussing preparations with the client, what should be done regarding barium?

Indicate that it can cause obstruction or impaction Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when preparing for an x-ray film?

Wearing jewelry or hair clips Signup and view all the answers

For which diagnostic test should a client be instructed to cough deeply without clearing their throat?

Sputum collection Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential delayed allergic reaction to iodine that should be mentioned during client teaching?

Hives Signup and view all the answers

Why is encouraging fluids post-test particularly essential?

If not contraindicated Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Arthroscopy and Biopsy Procedures

An arthroscope is utilized for visual examination and treatment within a joint, allowing real-time evaluation of joint conditions.
A colposcopy-directed biopsy may be performed after abnormal Pap smear results to assess cervical tissue for precancerous changes.
An excisional biopsy aims to remove an entire lesion or tumor for definitive diagnosis and treatment.
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is typically used for diagnosing conditions in the liver or thyroid.
A punch biopsy is commonly performed when there is a need to obtain a cylindrical sample of skin, particularly in dermatological evaluations.

Diagnostic Testing Phases

Noninvasive tests do not penetrate the body (e.g., ultrasound), whereas invasive tests require insertion or manipulation within the body (e.g., biopsies).
The specimen collection phase is critical for nursing focus during the diagnostic testing process.
A crucial component to assess before diagnostic testing is the patient's allergies, particularly to dyes or anesthesia.
Reviewing the medical record before testing is essential for understanding the patient's history and previous test results that may influence the procedure.

Diagnostic Procedures and Their Purposes

Pretest Phase primarily focuses on preparing the patient and ensuring all necessary precautions and procedures are communicated.
The post-test phase involves comparing previous and current test results to assess any changes or implications for treatment.
A lumbar puncture involves withdrawing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space, important for diagnosing neurological conditions.
Anesthesia or medications administered during a lumbar puncture should be recorded to ensure safe and effective pain management.
Analgesia or sedation may be required for procedures like endoscopies or invasive testing where discomfort is anticipated.

Specific Tests and Their Functions

Documenting a lumbar puncture includes noting the reason for transferring the client, typically for safety and observation after the procedure.
Recording any symptoms experienced during or after the procedure is vital for tracking patient progress and potential complications.
An Electrocardiogram (ECG) measures the electrical activity of the heart, aiding in the diagnosis of cardiac conditions.
A knee ultrasound examines joint structures, particularly useful for assessing injuries or arthritic changes.
Cardiac Ultrasonography (Echocardiography) assesses heart function and structure, helping to evaluate conditions like cardiomyopathy or valve disorders.
A Holter ECG monitors heart rhythms continuously for 24 hours to detect irregularities not captured during a standard ECG.

Client Preparation and Follow-up

Colposcopy is performed to examine the cervix and vagina further after abnormal findings from a Pap smear.
The main purpose of an Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is to visualize and assess abnormalities of the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum.
Monitoring for allergic reactions or complications is critical for clients undergoing invasive procedures.
When discussing preparations involving barium, patients should be informed about dietary restrictions before gastrointestinal imaging.
Clients preparing for an x-ray should avoid substances that might interfere with visualization, such as metal jewelry.
For procedures requiring deep coughing (e.g., sputum collection), clients should be instructed not to clear their throats to ensure sample integrity.
Potential delayed allergic reactions to iodine may include rashes or anaphylaxis, necessitating thorough client teaching.
Encouraging fluid intake post-test is essential for kidney function and to help flush out any contrast agents used during procedures.

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Description

Learn about the overview of noninvasive and invasive diagnostic testing in nursing. Understand the differences between noninvasive and invasive procedures, as well as the phases of diagnostic testing.