Unit 5: Fire Emergencies & Safety

Fire requires three elements: fuel, oxygen, and heat. Avoid mixing these to prevent emergencies.
Ensure proper ventilation, maintain fuel systems to prevent leaks, and adhere to safe fueling procedures to minimize fire risks.
If a fire occurs while underway, stop the boat, ensure everyone wears a personal flotation device (PFD), and position the boat downwind.
Use a fire extinguisher correctly with the PASS technique: Pull pin, Aim at the base, Squeeze handle, Sweep side to side.
Never use water on gasoline, oil, grease, or electrical fires. Always call for help using VHF marine radio in case of a fire.

A vessel runs aground when it gets stuck on the bottom. Always verify water depth before proceeding and be cautious of unmarked shallow hazards.
High-speed impacts from running aground can cause damage to the boat and injuries to passengers.
Familiarize yourself with shallow spots and submerged objects before going out, as their locations can change with water levels.
If you run aground, avoid reversing the boat. Instead, stop the engine, lift the outdrive, redistribute weight, and check for leaks.
If unable to get free, signal for help using distress signals or call for assistance via radio.

Cold water immersion can be deadly, with increased risks in colder temperatures. Survival chances depend on air flotation, breath control, rescue timing, and heat retention.
Recognize the four stages of cold water immersion: Cold Shock, Swim Failure, Hypothermia, and Post-Immersion Collapse.
Cold Shock occurs in the first 3-5 minutes, causing sudden gasping and panic, leading to drowning risks.
Swim Failure happens 3-30 minutes after immersion, with a significant loss of muscle control, increasing drowning risk.
Hypothermia starts after about 30 minutes, where body heat is lost rapidly, leading to unconsciousness and potential death.
To survive cold water immersion, control breathing, remain still, focus on floating, and seek immediate re-entry onto a stable platform or boat.
Recognizing symptoms of hypothermia includes shivering, confusion, rigidity, and bluish skin.

CO is an odorless, tasteless gas produced by burning carbon fuels. It can be lethal in high concentrations and can cause symptoms like headaches and dizziness.
Early symptoms may mimic seasickness. Move affected individuals to fresh air and seek medical help if CO poisoning is suspected.
Ensure adequate ventilation on the boat, understand exhaust outlet locations, and keep individuals away from engine areas to prevent CO buildup.
Regular maintenance is crucial to check for exhaust system leaks, ensure secure clamps, and test CO detectors.

Always keep a well-stocked first aid kit on board, including antiseptics, adhesive bandages, gloves, and scissors.
Treat serious injuries like bleeding, burns, and bone fractures with appropriate first aid measures and seek medical attention when necessary.
For suspected head, neck, or spinal injuries, minimize movement and wait for medical personnel. Water can provide support until help arrives.
Taking a certified first aid and CPR course is vital for responsible vessel operators to effectively handle emergencies while boating.