Unit 3 Political Analysis Concepts

What is the "second face" of power?

What does the text suggest about the "third face" of power?

How does the concept of "hegemony" relate to power, according to the text?

Powerful groups can prevent their potential opponents from understanding where their true interests lie.

The concept of 'hegemony' suggests that those in power only determine what is legal and illegal.

Authority is granted solely based on the possession of certain characteristics necessary for a position.

The second face of power involves keeping issues that might threaten dominance off the public agenda.

The third face of power suggests that there can be no difference between perceived interest and actual interest.

What does the third face of power, as explained by Lukes, suggest about powerful groups?

How does the concept of 'hegemony' play a role in defining power dynamics according to the text?

In what way does the second face of power operate, as described in the text?

How can we assess the distribution of power?

What is the key factor in authority being granted, based on the text?

What is a common argument made by critics of the welfare state?

How do Gramsci and Marcuse view the role of intellectuals in society?

What impact have left-of-center governments had on the distribution of resources in capitalist societies?

Why do certain socialists argue that reforms benefiting the working class are implemented?

What is one key criticism of right-of-center tax cuts according to the text?

What is the potential advantage of power over authority?

What principle does the text associate with the concept of 'hegemony'?

Which of the following best describes the distinction between authority and power, as presented in the text?

Which of the following best describes the first dimension or 'face' of power as proposed by Lukes?

According to the pluralist theory of the state, how is power measured?

What is the key factor that confirms the validity of the pluralist model of the state?

What is the relationship between the concept of power and theories of the state?

Based on the information in the text, which of the following statements about the second dimension or 'face' of power is correct?

What is the key factor that determines the legitimacy of authority in a political system?

Based on the text, what is the significance of the concept of 'false consciousness' in power dynamics?

What is the primary challenge in discerning the true goals and strategies of a group?

Based on the text, what is the relationship between authority and legitimacy in political systems?

Bertrand Russell defined power as the intentional production of undesired results.

Taxi drivers benefiting when it rains but not actively causing the increase in business is an example of demonstrating true power.

The quote from sociologist Steven Lukes emphasizes that having the means of power necessarily equates to being powerful.

The concept of 'Who benefits?' is interchangeable with 'Who governs?' according to the text.

Power being exercised through the threat of force always indicates a failure of power according to the text.

The text suggests that power, based on coercion, is always legitimate and just.

The text argues that authority, which can be a product of manipulation, is always considered legitimate.

In the text, it is suggested that power, based on coercion, can be resisted more easily than authority.

The text states that subtle manipulation is a less effective method of control compared to constant surveillance.

Critics argue that elites can shape individual preferences to ensure that potentially threatening demands are included in the political agenda.

The media plays a minor role in influencing perceptions and creating false consciousness among people.

Lukes' third face of power involves individuals or groups being fully aware of their perceived interests and actual interests.

The concept of false consciousness suggests that individuals may be unaware of how dominant forces shape their preferences and beliefs.

Identifying non-decision-making processes is considered difficult when trying to measure the subtle ways in which power is exercised.

Business interests need to actively lobby decision-makers in order to be heard, according to the text.

Non-decision-making can occur when a group anticipates success and actively participates in the decision-making process.

Multinational companies are not mentioned as a factor that can heighten the power of business interests in decision-making.

Decision-makers may choose to oppose powerful interests even if they expect high costs as a result.

Covert grievances are openly discussed and addressed in decision-making processes by default.

What is the main difference between authority and power, as discussed in the text?

How does the concept of 'false consciousness' contribute to the exercise of power?

Why does the text suggest that power, based on coercion, can be resisted more easily than authority?

How do dominant groups use ideological control to maintain power?

What is a key characteristic of majority rule in a democracy?

What does the text suggest is necessary for political participation and representation to be considered legitimate?

What is a key argument about the relationship between voting and political obligation?

What does the text suggest about the concept of 'political freedom' in a democracy?

Political participation can either involve direct or indirect participation of individuals in decision-making processes.

In a democratic system, all votes are held equally and the majority should govern.

Political freedom in a democracy is restricted by the laws of the community.

Legitimate participation and representation in politics require individuals to engage in a controlled environment.

Voting in a democratic election implies agreement to abide by the election results.

What is the key characteristic of majority rule in a democracy?

What is necessary for political participation and representation to be considered legitimate?

What criticism does Lively have regarding the inclusion of communist regimes under democracy in interpretation #7?

According to Lively, what is the core argument against considering a political system democratic solely based on attaining desirable outcomes?

In the realm of democratic critique, what complexity do liberal democracies face according to Lively?

What distinguishes the first two types of democracy according to Lively, from the latter two types?

According to the utilitarian theory of democracy, why did Bentham and Mill advocate for democracy?

What was Bentham's initial perspective on democracy before his views changed?

How did C.B. Macpherson connect the utilitarian theory of democracy with the industrial middle class?

How did Bentham and Mill view individuals in government if left unrestrained?

What did Bentham's change in perspective about democracy stem from?

According to the passage, what was the approach of liberal thinkers like John Locke regarding the common good?

What was the collectivist approach, as mentioned in the passage, regarding the common good?

Which philosopher is mentioned in the passage as being associated with utilitarianism?

According to the passage, how did totalitarian systems like Stalin's Soviet Union and Hitler's Germany define the common good?

According to the passage, how did Karl Marx view representations of the common good?

Which of the following best describes the Marxist perspective on power and authority in political systems?

According to the collectivist approach, what is the primary basis for granting authority in a political system?

Which of the following best represents the liberal thinkers' approach to political authority and power?

According to the utilitarian perspective, what should be the primary consideration in granting political authority?

Which of the following best describes the totalitarian systems' view of political authority and power?

Indigenous leadership roles were permanent and held for life.

According to Neta Crawford, Haudenosaunee chiefs had both great prestige and significant power.

Decisions within Indigenous governance were made through individual decision-making rather than collective decision-making and consensus.

Western perspectives found the decision-making process in Indigenous governance frustrating due to its speed and lack of consultation.

In Indigenous governance, decisions were expected to be based on majority rule rather than unanimous approval.

According to Lively, all seven interpretations of democracy include provisions for rulers to be removed by the people.

Lively suggests that the direct popular vote alone is sufficient to ensure accountability in a democratic system.

All individuals should be personally involved in crucial decision-making, according to the interpretations outlined by Lively.

Rulers being chosen directly by representatives elected by the people is considered an undemocratic interpretation by Lively.

According to Lively, rulers acting in the best interests of the people is a characteristic of democratic governance.

In Aboriginal societies, the truth is determined through consensus after lengthy consultation and reflection.

According to James Miller, the adversarial political process among non-Natives is based on reaching a consensus through consultation.

Democratic decision-making in Western societies always aligns with achieving a consensus beneficial for the entire group.

The elite theory aligns with the essence of democracy if democracy is defined as political equality.

Proponents of the participatory model need to demonstrate the desirability and feasibility of their version of democracy according to James Miller.

Schumpeter believed that mass participation in democracy could lead to authoritarian values prevailing in society.

According to Schumpeter, in his proposed modification to the classical theory of democracy, decision-making authority should be primarily in the hands of the political elite.

Schumpeter argued that in a democratic system, competition between elites is what ensures the maintenance of democratic elements.

The text implies that in democratic systems like those in Canada, the United States, and Great Britain, voters directly select between different policy sets.

Recent research by Alex Marland, Thierry Giasson, and Andrea Lawlor suggests that a new class of 'digital elites' is emerging in Canada, alongside traditional business and political elites.

According to Lively's interpretations, which numbers can be considered democratic?

What aspect of accountability do interpretations 5 to 7 lack?

In Schumpeter's view, what ensures the maintenance of democratic elements in a democratic system?

According to Lively, what is the key factor in authority being granted?

What did Bentham and Mill advocate for based on the utilitarian theory of democracy?

What do communitarians argue for in contrast to liberalism?

How do communitarians differ from liberals in terms of societal values?

What is the main reason for communitarians to criticize philosophical liberalism?

According to the passage, why do some individuals find issue with the dominance of philosophical liberalism?

What do communitarians believe is crucial for a society's survival?

Communitarians believe that a society can only survive if it promotes values recognized as subjective by each individual.

Liberalism's 'common good' is defined as an optimal combination of preferences that judges the value of each preference.

Philosophical liberalism is credited with reviving political philosophy and enabling discussions on social and political issues in the present.

Communitarians argue for a politics of neutrality with respect to any conceptions of the good.

The dominance of philosophical liberalism is well-received by all individuals mentioned in the text.