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Unit 3: Biochemistry of Carbohydrates

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Questions and Answers

What are the main distinctions between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides?

Monosaccharides are single sugar units, disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides linked together, and polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides.

Define D- and L- isomerism in carbohydrates and give an example of each.

D- and L- isomerism refers to the spatial arrangement of hydroxyl groups around the asymmetric carbon. An example of a D-isomer is D-glucose, while L-glucose exemplifies an L-isomer.

Explain the terms 'epimers' and 'anomers' in the context of carbohydrate structure.

Epimers are sugars that differ at only one specific carbon atom, while anomers are a type of epimer that differ at the anomeric carbon (C1) when in cyclic form.

How do carbohydrates function as fuel and structural molecules in biological systems?

<p>Carbohydrates serve as a primary energy source for cells and also provide structural support in the form of cellulose in plants and chitin in fungi and arthropods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do carbohydrates play as antigens and in cell recognition?

<p>Carbohydrates on cell surfaces act as antigens that trigger immune responses and facilitate cell recognition through specific interactions with proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Monosaccharides

Simple sugars that are the basic building blocks of carbohydrates. They cannot be broken down into smaller sugars.

Disaccharides

Sugar molecules made up of two monosaccharides joined together. Examples include sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar) and maltose.

Polysaccharides

Complex carbohydrates made up of many monosaccharides linked together in long chains. Examples include starch, glycogen, cellulose and chitin.

D- and L- Isomerism

A type of stereoisomerism where two molecules are mirror images of each other, like your left and right hand.

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Epimers

A type of stereoisomerism where two sugars differ in the configuration of only one chiral carbon atom. They are like slight variations on the same theme.

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Study Notes

Unit 3: Biochemistry of Carbohydrates

This unit covers the introduction and classification of carbohydrates.
It includes monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides (glycogen, starch, cellulose, and chitin).
D- and L- isomerism, epimers, and anomers are key concepts to understand.
Carbohydrates are important as fuel and structural molecules.
Carbohydrates also play a role in antigens and cell recognition.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of carbohydrates in this quiz covering their classification and structure. Learn about monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, along with critical concepts such as isomerism and their roles in biology. Test your knowledge and enhance your understanding of this vital biomolecule.