Questions and Answers
What are the age structure categories?
What age range is considered Pre Reproductive?
Ages 0-14
What age range is considered Reproductive?
Ages 15-44
What age range is considered Post Reproductive?
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What does 'Baby Boom' refer to?
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What is meant by Slow Decline in population terms?
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What economic problems can Rapid Decline lead to?
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What does it mean when a population is Expanding?
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What does Stable population growth indicate?
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In terms of population, what does Declining mean?
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List some problems of Rapid Population Decline.
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Age Structure Diagrams are simple diagrams showing the age and gender of a population and can be used to interpret growth rates and determine future shift in the __________.
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What does a rapidly growing population typically indicate?
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What defines a stable population?
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What characterizes a declining population?
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What are Demographic Pyramids?
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What is represented by an Age Structure Diagram?
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What do survivorship or mortality curves show?
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Match the following population growth types with their characteristics:
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In an age structure diagram, a broad base signifies __________ growth.
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In an age structure diagram, a narrow base signifies __________ growth.
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In an age structure diagram, a uniform shape signifies __________ growth.
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What does 'per capita income' refer to?
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What is the population change equation?
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What does immigration refer to?
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Study Notes
Age Structure Categories
- Three main age categories: Pre Reproductive, Reproductive, and Post Reproductive.
- Pre Reproductive: Ages 0-14.
- Reproductive: Ages 15-44.
- Post Reproductive: Ages 45 and above.
Population Trends
- Baby Boom occurred between 1946-1964, adding 79 million people.
- Slow Decline refers to a manageable decrease in population.
- Rapid Decline can result in economic challenges such as labor shortages and fewer young workers.
Age Structure Dynamics
- An expanding population has more pre reproductive individuals than post reproductive.
- A stable population exhibits similar proportions across pre reproductive, reproductive, and post reproductive age groups.
- A declining population has a higher number of post reproductive individuals compared to pre reproductive.
Rapid Population Decline Issues
- Threatens economic growth and leads to labor shortages.
- Reduces government revenue due to fewer workers.
- Stagnates technology development and hinders new business formation.
- Increases healthcare costs and public debt.
- Can result in pension cuts and raises in retirement age.
Age Structure Diagrams
- Serve as simple visuals to display the age and gender of a population.
- Essential for interpreting growth rates and predicting future demographic shifts.
- A rapidly growing population typically has a higher proportion of younger individuals compared to stable or declining populations.
Demographic Pyramids
- Illustriate age group distributions and typically resemble a pyramid shape in growing populations.
- Constructed as back-to-back histograms for each sex, depicting the population distribution across age groups.
Survivorship Curves
- Type One: Low mortality rates in young and middle-aged individuals; high rates in old age (typical in humans).
- Type Two: Constant death rate throughout the lifespan (observed in some rodent species).
- Type Three: High mortality in young individuals, with lower rates for survivors; seen in fish, oysters, and many invertebrates.
Age Structure Diagram Characteristics
- Broad base indicates rapid population growth.
- Narrow base signifies negative growth.
- Uniform shape represents stable growth.
Population Growth Stages
- Pre-agricultural periods typically have high birth and death rates.
- Agricultural periods see improvements in food production and population growth.
- Industrial periods lead to further growth due to urbanization and technological advancements.
- Post-industrial periods may experience stabilization or decline.
Key Equations
- Per Capita Income: Calculated as GDP divided by population.
- Population Change: Determined by the formula (births + immigration) - (deaths + emigration).
Migration Definitions
- Immigration refers to the movement of individuals into a new location.
- Emigration involves leaving one region to settle in another.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the concepts related to age structure categories, including definitions of pre-reproductive, reproductive, and post-reproductive age groups. It explores demographic phenomena such as the Baby Boom and its impact on population growth. Test your knowledge on these fundamental concepts of population ecology!