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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a type of media?
Which of the following is NOT a type of media?
Folk media is described as 'people's media' and is often used to communicate culture and revive lost traditions.
Folk media is described as 'people's media' and is often used to communicate culture and revive lost traditions.
True
Who is known as the 'Father of Media Studies'?
Who is known as the 'Father of Media Studies'?
Marshall McLuhan
Folk media includes forms such as __________, street theatre, puppetry, and dance.
Folk media includes forms such as __________, street theatre, puppetry, and dance.
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Match the following types of folk theatre with their respective regions:
Match the following types of folk theatre with their respective regions:
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Which of the following is a form of traditional folk media?
Which of the following is a form of traditional folk media?
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Print media includes only newspapers and magazines.
Print media includes only newspapers and magazines.
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Name one example of folk media that is used to educate people about culture and local issues.
Name one example of folk media that is used to educate people about culture and local issues.
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Which of the following is a challenge associated with citizen journalism?
Which of the following is a challenge associated with citizen journalism?
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Alternative media and citizen journalism have no impact on public discourse.
Alternative media and citizen journalism have no impact on public discourse.
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What term describes the phenomenon where individuals are only exposed to information that aligns with their existing beliefs?
What term describes the phenomenon where individuals are only exposed to information that aligns with their existing beliefs?
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Citizen journalists may lack formal training in __________ ethics.
Citizen journalists may lack formal training in __________ ethics.
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Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
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What consequence can result from spreading misinformation?
What consequence can result from spreading misinformation?
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Alternative media outlets often have more resources than mainstream media outlets.
Alternative media outlets often have more resources than mainstream media outlets.
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What risk do citizen journalists face in certain regions for their reporting?
What risk do citizen journalists face in certain regions for their reporting?
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Which of the following is a form of print media?
Which of the following is a form of print media?
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Raslila is a folk theatre performance that depicts the relationship between Lord Krishna and Radha.
Raslila is a folk theatre performance that depicts the relationship between Lord Krishna and Radha.
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What is the primary purpose of films in the context of media?
What is the primary purpose of films in the context of media?
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________ is a media that reaches a large audience and includes radio and television.
________ is a media that reaches a large audience and includes radio and television.
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Match the type of media with their characteristics:
Match the type of media with their characteristics:
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Which article in the Constitution of India provides the freedom of speech and expression?
Which article in the Constitution of India provides the freedom of speech and expression?
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What is Prasar Bharati?
What is Prasar Bharati?
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With the invention of the Internet, radio and television are now considered new media.
With the invention of the Internet, radio and television are now considered new media.
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The media in India operates under a separate law specifically governing its rights and limitations.
The media in India operates under a separate law specifically governing its rights and limitations.
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Identify a primary characteristic that distinguishes new media from traditional media.
Identify a primary characteristic that distinguishes new media from traditional media.
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What was India's rank in the World Press Freedom Index in 2014?
What was India's rank in the World Press Freedom Index in 2014?
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The Press Freedom Index of India decreased from ________ in 2014 to ________ in 2024.
The Press Freedom Index of India decreased from ________ in 2014 to ________ in 2024.
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What are some of the limitations set on freedom of speech and expression according to Article 19(2)?
What are some of the limitations set on freedom of speech and expression according to Article 19(2)?
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Match the following media violations with their descriptions:
Match the following media violations with their descriptions:
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The World Press Freedom Index has improved for India from 2014 to 2024.
The World Press Freedom Index has improved for India from 2014 to 2024.
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Who stated that a large section of the media has stopped asking difficult questions?
Who stated that a large section of the media has stopped asking difficult questions?
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What is a negative consequence of media mentioned in the content?
What is a negative consequence of media mentioned in the content?
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Guglielmo Marconi invented radio in 1895.
Guglielmo Marconi invented radio in 1895.
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What is community radio often called?
What is community radio often called?
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All India Radio (AIR) serves _____% of the country's area.
All India Radio (AIR) serves _____% of the country's area.
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Match the following radio broadcasting types with their descriptions:
Match the following radio broadcasting types with their descriptions:
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Which organization has established 'World Radio Day'?
Which organization has established 'World Radio Day'?
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Community radio aims to generate profit for its operators.
Community radio aims to generate profit for its operators.
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In what year did the first radio broadcast occur in India?
In what year did the first radio broadcast occur in India?
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Which function of media involves keeping the public informed about current events?
Which function of media involves keeping the public informed about current events?
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Media does not play any role in surveillance of governments or politicians.
Media does not play any role in surveillance of governments or politicians.
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Name one example of media mobilizing people for a cause.
Name one example of media mobilizing people for a cause.
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Media helps in __________ by transmitting cultural norms and values.
Media helps in __________ by transmitting cultural norms and values.
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What role does media play in shaping public opinion?
What role does media play in shaping public opinion?
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Media solely focuses on providing entertainment without any educational purposes.
Media solely focuses on providing entertainment without any educational purposes.
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What is one way media entertains the public?
What is one way media entertains the public?
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Study Notes
Unit 2 - Understanding Media
- Media is the plural form of medium, encompassing all communication methods (music, art, literature, paintings, newspapers, etc.)
- Folk media, Print media, Electronic media (radio, television), Internet and others are categories of media.
- Marshall McLuhan is considered the "Father of Media Studies", authoring "Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man" (1964).
- Folk media, also called "Jan Madhyams" or "people's media", is rooted in traditional communication styles (vocal, verbal, visual folk art)
- Folk media connects people to their culture, reviving lost traditions, and provides platforms for local people's opinions.
- Common forms of folk media include folk dances and storytelling.
- Folk media communication methods are unique to regional languages and cultures.
Examples of Folk Media
- Tamasha (Maharashtra)
- Keertana (Drama or monodrama, Maharashtra to Karnataka and Tamil Nadu)
- Yakshagana (Karnataka)
- Dashavatar (Konkani variation of Yakshagana)
- Bhavai (Gujarat)
- Therukoothu (Tamil Nadu)
- Jatra (Bengal, Orissa)
- Ramlila (North India)
- Raslila (Manipur, Vrindavan, etc)
Print Media
- Print media (newspapers, magazines, etc.) is a core form of mass communication.
Broadcast Media
- Broadcast media reaches large audiences through radio and television.
- Prasar Bharati (a Government of India entity) owns Doordarshan (TV) and Akashvani (Radio).
- Narrowcasting targets specialized audiences, opposite to broadcasting.
Films
- Films share features with other media – like informing, educating, and entertaining.
- Example: Article 15 movie, inspired by caste-based discrimination incidents.
New Media
- New media encompasses digital content, including blogs, music, podcasts, etc., delivered via the internet.
- New media forms are continuously evolving with technological advancements.
- Online platforms (websites, e-mail, mobile phones, streaming apps) are considered New Media.
- Examples of new media: Blogs, mobile apps, social media, streaming services (Netflix, Spotify), VR, AR, etc.
Alternative Media
- Alternative media provides alternative viewpoints to mainstream media, focusing on community-driven reporting and diverse perspectives.
- Examples: Blogs, podcasts, independent news websites, content by individuals on social media.
Mainstream Media
- Mainstream media encompasses established news outlets with wide reach and influence (newspapers, broadcast networks, etc.)
- This media has ethical and practical concerns. Mainstream media is sometimes biased towards governments, political parties, businesses, and wealthy people.
- Examples of outlets: Firstpost, CNN-News18, News18 India, Dainik Bhaskar, The Indian Express, The Financial Express, etc..
Alternative Media and Citizen Journalism
- It arose from alleged biases and sensationalism in mainstream media.
- It utilizes technologies like the internet and smartphones to allow wider public participation.
- It reports on diverse perspectives and issues (social justice, under-reported global events).
- Examples: Khabar lahariya (India), Gaon Connection (India)
- Advantages include diverse perspectives, accountability, and empowering communities.
Challenges of Alternative Media and Citizen Journalism
- Credibility/verification, misinformation and disinformation,
- ethical concerns, filter bubbles (echo chambers), limited resources, suppression and censorship.
Media Functions
- Media informs, educates, and entertains.
- It acts as a watchdog on governments and other entities.
- Aids in societal analysis and correlation of various perspectives.
- Media mobilizes people (e.g., social movements like "Me Too").
- Promotes socialization and cultural development, by using role models.
- Represents the people's opinions and expectations
- Persuasion is involved in media coverage.
- Media is connected to public relations.
Community Media
- Community media, such as community radio, allows localized voices and needs to be prominent.
- Community radio is low-cost, catering to vulnerable groups.
- It has a crucial role to play in local issues and is separate from public service and commercial radio.
- Community newspapers fulfill similar functions to community radio by sharing local community issues and concerns.
Media Literacy
- Media literacy involves analyzing, evaluating, creating and participating with media messages.
- Media literacy fosters critical thinking skills.
- It allows recognizing bias, misinformation, and spin in media.
- Critical media literacy distinguishes between literacy and education.
Media in Democracy
- Media acts as a watchdog in a democracy, overseeing government, authorities, wealthy individuals, etc..
- India (as a democracy) guarantees freedom of speech and expression to media.
- Limitations exist in safeguarding India's sovereignty, integrity, security, moral standards, etc..
- Media's active role in democracy is critical to transparency and justice.
Participatory Video
- PV is a technique involving community members in producing videos.
- This technique is useful in community development and empowerment, in which local people actively shape the issues that are reported.
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Description
Dive into the fascinating world of media in this quiz, exploring various types such as folk, print, and electronic media. Learn about the influential figure of Marshall McLuhan and the unique characteristics of folk media that connect people to their culture and traditions. Test your knowledge on examples like Tamasha and Yakshagana.
