Unit 2 Test English Vocab Flashcards

Aristotelian (Classical) Argument

• Comprised of ethos (credibility), logos (logic), pathos (emotion), and Kairos (timing).
• Consists of five components: hook, background, claim, counterclaim/rebuttal, conclusion.
• Aims to win the argument, asserting the speaker's correctness.

Rogerian (Invitational) Argument

• Focuses on establishing middle ground between opposing viewpoints.
• Seeks compromise and acknowledges positive aspects of each argument.
• Viewed as more dialectic, encouraging conversation for mutually satisfactory solutions.
• Enhances understanding of complex relations in arguments.

Toulmin Argument

• Described by Stephen Toulmin in 'The Uses of Argument' (1958).
• Integrates key components: claim, reason, warrant, backing, and grounds.
• Begins with three main parts: claim, grounds, and warrant.

Proposal

• A suggestion or plan presented for consideration and discussion.

Hypothesis

• A proposed explanation based on limited evidence, serving as a starting point for investigation.

Evidence

• Refers to the body of facts or info indicating whether a belief or proposition is valid.

Quantitative

• Relates to measurements by quantity rather than quality.

Qualitative

• Pertains to assessments based on quality over quantity.

Implicit

• Implied or understood without being explicitly stated; can be unquestioned and contained.

Explicit

• Clearly stated or shown; direct in expression.

Connotation

• The range of meanings, emotions, or associations suggested by a word.

Denotation

• The literal or dictionary definition of a word.

Claim

• An assertion that the author intends to prove; represents the main argument.

Grounds

• Evidence and facts supporting the claim.

Warrant

• The link between the grounds and the claim, either implied or explicitly stated.

Qualifier

• Indicates that a claim may not hold true in all scenarios; uses terms like "presumably" and "many."

Rebuttal

• Acknowledgment of another valid perspective regarding the situation.

Backing

• Additional support for the warrant, often providing specific examples.

Ethos

• Appeal to credibility; established through professional sources, specific language, and ethical presentation.

Pathos

• Emotional appeal; aims to evoke and strengthen existing feelings within the audience through storytelling and vivid imagery.

Logos

• Logical appeal; employs practicality and hard evidence through data and clear, logical argumentation.

Prepare for your English vocabulary tests with these flashcards on Aristotelian arguments. This quiz covers key concepts including rhetorical appeals and the structure of classical arguments. Master the components to enhance your argumentative skills and achieve success in your studies.