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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
What types of cells are involved in bone formation?
What types of cells are involved in bone formation?
Osteoblasts and osteocytes
Osteoclasts are responsible for bone formation.
Osteoclasts are responsible for bone formation.
False
Which of the following is a type of ossification?
Which of the following is a type of ossification?
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The medullary cavity of the diaphysis contains _____ marrow.
The medullary cavity of the diaphysis contains _____ marrow.
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What is the primary role of osteocytes?
What is the primary role of osteocytes?
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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What initiates the process of endochondral ossification?
What initiates the process of endochondral ossification?
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Compact bone is weak when stress is applied from the side.
Compact bone is weak when stress is applied from the side.
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What percentage of calcium ions are stored in the skeletal system?
What percentage of calcium ions are stored in the skeletal system?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
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What is the basic functional unit of bone called?
What is the basic functional unit of bone called?
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The outer surface of bone is covered by the ______.
The outer surface of bone is covered by the ______.
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Osteoclasts are responsible for bone formation.
Osteoclasts are responsible for bone formation.
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What type of ossification involves the development of the clavicle and skull?
What type of ossification involves the development of the clavicle and skull?
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Which part of the bone contains red bone marrow?
Which part of the bone contains red bone marrow?
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Study Notes
Skeletal System Functions
- Provides structural support by attaching to other organs.
- Stores minerals, mainly 98% of calcium ions and phosphate ions.
- Produces blood cells in bone marrow, including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
- Facilitates movement through leverage; muscles exert force on bones.
- Offers protection for vital organs:
- Rib cage protects the heart.
- Skull safeguards the brain.
- Vertebrae protect the spinal cord.
- Pelvic bones safeguard reproductive organs.
Osseous Tissue (Bones)
- Osteocyte: Mature bone cell found in lacunae; regulates calcium ion release.
- Structure: Consists of a protein-mineral matrix; channels called canaliculi connect osteocytes to bone capillaries.
- Osteoblast: Immature bone cell located on inner and outer surfaces; responsible for osteogenesis by secreting osteoid, building new bone.
- Osteoclast: Multinucleated cell that performs osteolysis; secretes acid to dissolve bone, releasing calcium and phosphate into the bloodstream.
Types of Osseous Tissue
-
Compact (Dense) Bone:
- Strong bone that withstands stress along its long axis.
- Composed of osteons (Haversian system), including a central canal, canaliculi, and lamellae.
-
Spongy (Trabecular or Cancellous) Bone:
- Lightweight structure formed by a network of plates called trabeculae.
- Contains red bone marrow; located in epiphyses and surrounds the medullary cavity.
Bone Anatomy
- Epiphysis: Ends of long bones housing red bone marrow.
- Diaphysis: Shaft or middle part of long bones; contains yellow marrow in the medullary cavity.
- Metaphysis: Growth zone between the epiphysis and diaphysis.
- Periosteum: Outer surface of bone; protects, isolates, and serves as an attachment for nervous tissue and blood vessels.
- Endosteum: Inner surface lining the medullary cavity; contains osteoprogenitor cells for active repair and growth.
Bone Development and Growth
-
Ossification Types:
-
Intramembranous Ossification:
- Rapid development of bones like clavicle, mandible, and skull.
- Occurs directly from embryonic membrane; involves differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts.
-
Endochondral Ossification:
- Slower process, occurring in limbs, vertebrae, and hips, lasting years.
- Bone develops from a hyaline cartilage model, with chondrocytes enlarging near the diaphysis.
-
Intramembranous Ossification:
Skeletal System Functions
- Provides structural support by attaching to other organs.
- Stores minerals, mainly 98% of calcium ions and phosphate ions.
- Produces blood cells in bone marrow, including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
- Facilitates movement through leverage; muscles exert force on bones.
- Offers protection for vital organs:
- Rib cage protects the heart.
- Skull safeguards the brain.
- Vertebrae protect the spinal cord.
- Pelvic bones safeguard reproductive organs.
Osseous Tissue (Bones)
- Osteocyte: Mature bone cell found in lacunae; regulates calcium ion release.
- Structure: Consists of a protein-mineral matrix; channels called canaliculi connect osteocytes to bone capillaries.
- Osteoblast: Immature bone cell located on inner and outer surfaces; responsible for osteogenesis by secreting osteoid, building new bone.
- Osteoclast: Multinucleated cell that performs osteolysis; secretes acid to dissolve bone, releasing calcium and phosphate into the bloodstream.
Types of Osseous Tissue
-
Compact (Dense) Bone:
- Strong bone that withstands stress along its long axis.
- Composed of osteons (Haversian system), including a central canal, canaliculi, and lamellae.
-
Spongy (Trabecular or Cancellous) Bone:
- Lightweight structure formed by a network of plates called trabeculae.
- Contains red bone marrow; located in epiphyses and surrounds the medullary cavity.
Bone Anatomy
- Epiphysis: Ends of long bones housing red bone marrow.
- Diaphysis: Shaft or middle part of long bones; contains yellow marrow in the medullary cavity.
- Metaphysis: Growth zone between the epiphysis and diaphysis.
- Periosteum: Outer surface of bone; protects, isolates, and serves as an attachment for nervous tissue and blood vessels.
- Endosteum: Inner surface lining the medullary cavity; contains osteoprogenitor cells for active repair and growth.
Bone Development and Growth
-
Ossification Types:
-
Intramembranous Ossification:
- Rapid development of bones like clavicle, mandible, and skull.
- Occurs directly from embryonic membrane; involves differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts.
-
Endochondral Ossification:
- Slower process, occurring in limbs, vertebrae, and hips, lasting years.
- Bone develops from a hyaline cartilage model, with chondrocytes enlarging near the diaphysis.
-
Intramembranous Ossification:
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Description
Explore the critical functions of the skeletal system in this quiz covering bones, cartilage, and ligaments. Learn about how the skeleton supports various organs, stores minerals, produces blood cells, and enables movement. Test your knowledge on these essential topics!
