Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following components is NOT part of the body's physical and chemical barriers against infection?
Which of the following components is NOT part of the body's physical and chemical barriers against infection?
- Phagocytes (correct)
- Skin
- Mucous membranes
- Stomach acid
What describes innate immunity?
What describes innate immunity?
- Immediate, non-specific defense (correct)
- Involves only B cells
- Slow developing over time
- Specific response with memory
During which stage of infection do severe symptoms first appear?
During which stage of infection do severe symptoms first appear?
- Incubation
- Convalescence
- Prodromal
- Illness (correct)
Which factor does NOT contribute to an increased risk of developing an infection?
Which factor does NOT contribute to an increased risk of developing an infection?
What is a characteristic of chronic infections?
What is a characteristic of chronic infections?
Which link in the chain of infection refers to the pathogen that causes disease?
Which link in the chain of infection refers to the pathogen that causes disease?
What are systemic infections characterized by?
What are systemic infections characterized by?
Which stage of infection is characterized by mild symptoms that precede severe symptoms?
Which stage of infection is characterized by mild symptoms that precede severe symptoms?
Which of the following is NOT a component of standard precautions?
Which of the following is NOT a component of standard precautions?
What is the primary focus of medical asepsis?
What is the primary focus of medical asepsis?
In which scenario would surgical asepsis be required?
In which scenario would surgical asepsis be required?
Which type of transmission-based precaution requires the use of a gown and gloves?
Which type of transmission-based precaution requires the use of a gown and gloves?
What is an example of patient education that nurses should provide regarding emerging infectious diseases?
What is an example of patient education that nurses should provide regarding emerging infectious diseases?
Which of the following indicates that sterility has been compromised?
Which of the following indicates that sterility has been compromised?
What personal protective equipment is needed for droplet precautions?
What personal protective equipment is needed for droplet precautions?
Which of the following practices is essential in preventing infections in healthcare settings?
Which of the following practices is essential in preventing infections in healthcare settings?
Flashcards
Physical and Chemical Barriers
Physical and Chemical Barriers
The body's first line of defense against infection, including skin, mucous membranes, and stomach acid.
Innate Immunity
Innate Immunity
A nonspecific, immediate immune response involving cells like phagocytes and natural killer cells, and processes like inflammation. This response is triggered by general threats, not specific pathogens.
Adaptive Immunity
Adaptive Immunity
A specific, longer-lasting immune response that develops after exposure to a pathogen. It involves B cells (producing antibodies) and T cells (killing infected cells).
Incubation Period
Incubation Period
Signup and view all the flashcards
Prodromal Stage
Prodromal Stage
Signup and view all the flashcards
Illness Stage
Illness Stage
Signup and view all the flashcards
Decline Stage
Decline Stage
Signup and view all the flashcards
Convalescence Stage
Convalescence Stage
Signup and view all the flashcards
Standard Precautions
Standard Precautions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Transmission-Based Precautions
Transmission-Based Precautions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Contact Precautions
Contact Precautions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Droplet Precautions
Droplet Precautions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Airborne Precautions
Airborne Precautions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Medical Asepsis (Clean technique)
Medical Asepsis (Clean technique)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Surgical Asepsis (Sterile Technique)
Surgical Asepsis (Sterile Technique)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Emerging Pathogens
Emerging Pathogens
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Unit 2: Asepsis and Infection Control
- Differentiating the Body's Natural Defenses Against Infection:
- The body has three lines of defense:
- Physical and Chemical Barriers: Skin, mucous membranes, and stomach acid.
- Innate Immune System: Phagocytes, natural killer cells, and inflammation.
- Adaptive Immune System: B cells and T cells.
- Types of Immunity:
- Innate Immunity: Immediate, non-specific defense.
- Adaptive Immunity: Specific defense with memory, involving humoral (B cells) and cell-mediated (T cells) immunity.
- The body has three lines of defense:
Factors Increasing Infection Risk
- Compromised Immune System
- Chronic Diseases (e.g., diabetes, HIV)
- Poor Hygiene
- Age (very young or elderly)
- Hospitalization or Surgical Procedures
Stages of Infection
- Incubation: Pathogen entry to symptom onset.
- Prodromal: Early, mild symptoms.
- Illness: Severe and specific symptoms.
- Decline: Decreasing symptoms as immune response kicks in.
- Convalescence: Recovery phase.
Localized vs. Systemic Infections
- Localized Infections: Redness, swelling, warmth, pain, pus.
- Systemic Infections: Fever, chills, fatigue, body aches.
Infection Classifications
- Acute: Rapid onset, short duration.
- Chronic: Slow progression, long duration.
- Latent: Dormant periods with potential reactivation.
Chain of Infection
- Infectious agent: Pathogen causing disease.
- Reservoir: Where the pathogen lives.
- Portal of exit: Pathway pathogen leaves the reservoir.
- Mode of transmission: How the pathogen spreads.
- Portal of entry: Pathway pathogen enters a new host.
- Susceptible host: Individual at risk.
Nursing Interventions to Prevent Infection Spread
- Hand Hygiene
- Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Sterilization and Disinfection
Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions
- Standard Precautions: Hand hygiene, use of PPE, respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette, safe injection practices.
- Contact Precautions: Gown and gloves for contact with patient or environment.
- Droplet Precautions: Mask for close contact.
- Airborne Precautions: N95 respirator, negative pressure room.
- Protection Required:
- Contact: Gown, gloves
- Droplet: Mask, face shield/goggles
- Airborne: N95 respirator
Medical vs. Surgical Asepsis
- Clean (Medical Asepsis): Reduces number of pathogens.
- Sterile (Surgical Asepsis): Eliminates all pathogens.
- Methods for Medical Asepsis: Hand hygiene, disinfection.
Compromised Sterility
- Torn or wet packaging
- Expired sterilization date
- Damaged or contaminated equipment
Emerging Pathogens and Infectious Diseases
- Possible emerging diseases: COVID-19, Ebola, Zika, antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
- Nurse's role: Surveillance, patient education, infection control practices, vaccination advocacy.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz focuses on the body's natural defenses against infections, the types of immunity, and factors that increase infection risk. It also covers the stages of infection from incubation to decline. Test your understanding of asepsis and infection control principles.
