Unit 1: Research in Social Sciences

<p>Four stages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Importance of unconditional positive regard (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exploring human origins and diversity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surveys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical and cultural (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Raw data collected by the researcher (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, purpose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To improve mental health and decision-making (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Issues with validity and design (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves empathy and concern for others' welfare. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symbolic interactionism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single parent raising one or more dependent children. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An irrational behavior exhibited by a group due to fear. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By weighing benefits against costs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blended family (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teach proper social behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Struggles for economic and political power. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ID (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide moral guidance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>George Herbert Mead (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subject to increased error (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unconsciously forgetting upsetting thoughts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It should be vague (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How physical resources influence culture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They must work together to maintain stability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shapes self-esteem and personal appearances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cost-effectiveness and time-saving (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical Anthropology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microsociology analyzes small social systems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethnocentrism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biased questions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solving real-world problems using research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Requires extensive training in human biology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To represent shared standards that bind a group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding complex global issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rules and structure of language (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prone to various types of bias (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To express anger towards someone less threatening (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collective unconscious (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hidden thought or feeling that accidentally surfaces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stimulus that automatically triggers a response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help individuals find meaning in their lives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>REM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Returning to earlier, more childlike behaviors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning through rewards and punishments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prefer group activities and social interaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NREM-2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Universal symbols or patterns in the collective unconscious (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fading of a learned behavior due to lack of reinforcement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To fundamentally control physical actions during the day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A group of disciplines dedicated to studying human behavior, interactions, culture, and impact on the world.

The study of the origins, development, and diversity of humans and their societies.

The study of how people think, feel, and behave.

The study of interactions within a society, including people's actions, beliefs, and behaviors.

Data collected directly by the researcher through field research.

Information summarized from existing research, such as journal articles or news reports.

A systematic process of identifying a research question, developing a hypothesis, gathering data, analyzing findings, and drawing conclusions.

A set of questions sent to a representative sample to gather data.

A researcher examines and classifies content in a sample group of communications such as books, letters, movies, and songs.

Examining data that has already been gathered for another purpose to gain evidence that can apply to his/her own investigation.

A precise, testable statement of what a researcher predicts the outcome of a study.

How someone acts/behaves, and presents themselves.

A group of people who form a semi-closed social system in which most interactions are with other individuals belonging with the group.

A tendency to believe some people, ideas, etc are better than others; resulting in unfair treatment of others.

Archaeologists study the physical remains of a past culture through excavation and reconstruction.

Uses research results to solve practical problems for people in different cultures. It could be solutions from one culture shared to another.

Linguistic anthropologists study the history and structure of language and the ways humans use language.

The study of origins and cultures of different races and peoples. Studied through participant observation.

In-depth description of a particular culture, primary research is done through participant observation where the anthropologist lives among the culture for a period conducting observations and in-depth interviews with individuals or groups.

Studies human evolution, human biology and other primates, have extensive training in human skeletal anatomy.

The belief that one's own culture or ethnic group is superior to others. It involves judging other cultures based on the standards and values of one's own culture, leading to misinterpretations of different ways of life.

Cultural materialism is the idea that people's beliefs, behaviours, and cultures are mostly shaped by their physical environment and the resources they need to survive. It focuses on how things like technology, economy, and geography influence culture.

Analyzes social systems on a large scale, the big picture (eg: Religion).

A psychological theory proposed by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes the unconscious mind, early childhood experiences, and the role of instinctual drives in shaping personality and behavior.

A key concept in Freudian theory, the ID represents the instinctive and primitive part of the personality driven by pleasure and immediate gratification. It operates on the pleasure principle.

A core concept in behaviorism, classical conditioning is a type of learning where a neutral stimulus is paired with a naturally occurring stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.

A theory of personality developed by Abraham Maslow, which proposes that humans have a hierarchy of needs, progressing from basic physiological needs to self-actualization. These needs must be fulfilled in a specific order.

A type of therapy focused on helping individuals find meaning in life, developed by Viktor Frankl. It emphasizes personal responsibility, facing existential challenges, and discovering one's unique purpose in life.

Actions taken by individuals or groups to help others without expecting anything in return.

A theory suggesting individuals rationally weigh the costs and benefits of participating in collective behaviour.

A point where something starts happening or becomes very likely.

A large group of strangers using electronic media to organize spontaneous public gatherings, like flash mobs.

Collective unfounded fear causing widespread, unneeded actions.

Adjusting beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors to match group norms.

Any group of two or more people connected through consent, birth, or placement, taking responsibility for shared needs (physical care, new members, socialization, production/consumption, and emotional support).

Agents of socialization shape individuals' social development through various influences and teachings.

The primary agent of socialization, meeting basic needs, providing beliefs about the world, and teaching social behavior.

Teach about relationships, culture, and skills like compromise, especially influential in adolescence.

Shapes identity, self-esteem, and perceptions, with both positive and negative influence.

Provides opportunities for learning new skills, teamwork, and goal-setting.

Provides moral codes, sets standards of behaviour, teaches responsibility, and encourages charity.

Transmits standardized knowledge and skills essential for daily life.

This theory argues that social systems function best when each part works together harmoniously to achieve stability and well-being for all members.

A defense mechanism where a person refuses to accept reality or facts, even when they are clear. It's like pretending something isn't happening or isn't true to avoid feeling upset.

A defense mechanism where a person directs their feelings from one situation or person onto someone or something else, usually less threatening. Example: Someone upset with their boss might take out their frustration by snapping at a family member.

A defense mechanism where a person reverts to an earlier, more childlike behaviour when faced with stress or anxiety.

A defense mechanism where a person blames others for their own feelings, thoughts, or behaviours.

When someone accidentally says something that reveals a hidden thought or feeling, usually a mistake in speech. It's believed to be a sign of unconscious thoughts or desires slipping out.

A technique in psychology where a person says whatever comes to mind, without filtering or censoring their thoughts. This is used to uncover unconscious thoughts or feelings that might be hidden or repressed.

The part of the unconscious mind shared by all people. It contains memories and experiences inherited from our ancestors, like universal symbols or archetypes (e.g., the hero, the mother) common across cultures and time.

Universal, recurring symbols or patterns in the collective unconscious. They represent common human experiences, like the hero, the villain, the caregiver, or the wise old man, and appear in myths, stories, and dreams across different cultures.

A type of learning that uses rewards and punishments to achieve a desired behaviour.

When a learned behaviour fades away because it is no longer rewarded or reinforced.

The physical characteristics and aspects of personality and behaviour that are passed on genetically from relatives.

Your environment, the people, experiences, and conditions one is exposed to.

An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.