Unit 1: Basic Concepts of Disaster Risk

Over-exploitation of natural resources, like rivers and mountains, leading to environmental degradation.

Apathy towards disaster preparedness, often linked to the "Bahala Na" attitude, where people react to disasters rather than preventing them.

Lack of funding for disaster information campaigns and cost-effective building practices, making communities vulnerable to disasters.

Changes in weather patterns over an extended period of time, leading to events like El Niño and La Niña.

The process of empowering communities to be prepared for and respond to disasters through information and training.

Actions taken to reduce the likelihood and impact of disasters, including prevention, mitigation, and preparedness.

Factors that increase the likelihood or severity of disasters, such as environmental problems, social apathy, economic vulnerabilities, and climate change.

A non-governmental organization that provides humanitarian aid worldwide, focusing on assisting European organizations during disasters.

A situation where rapid population growth in cities outpaces resources and planning, often leading to overcrowding, inadequate infrastructure, and increased vulnerability to disasters.

The state of having limited resources and access to basic necessities, making individuals and communities susceptible to the impacts of disasters.

Events caused by natural forces that have a significant negative impact on human life and property.

Disasters caused by human actions or negligence, including accidents, warfare, and technological failures.

An event caused by the movement of tectonic plates, often resulting in ground shaking, landslides, and tsunamis.

A powerful storm with high winds and heavy rainfall, often forming over warm ocean waters.

A natural event where water overflows its normal boundaries, often caused by heavy rainfall or overflowing rivers.

A large wave caused by a disturbance in the ocean, often triggered by earthquakes or underwater landslides.

The grounding of the USS Guardian on the Tubbataha Reefs in 2013, causing significant damage to the delicate coral ecosystem.

The release of petroleum hydrocarbons into the environment, typically caused by human negligence, leading to severe environmental and health consequences for marine life and humans alike.

The bombings that occurred in Metro Manila, Philippines, on December 30, 2000, resulting in the death of 22 people and numerous injuries.

The emotional and mental effects of disasters that individuals may experience.

A common psychological response to disaster which may manifest as intense fear of specific situations, objects, or environments.

A state of confusion, disorientation, and irregularity in breathing, nausea, and confusion that may occur after a disaster.

A natural emotional response to disaster characterized by intense sadness, crying, and sighing.

Psychological impacts of disaster can be varied and include: fear, shock, grief, and other reactions.

A natural event that causes significant human and environmental damage, often involving strong winds, heavy rainfall, and flooding.

A tropical storm that occurred in November 1991, causing devastating damage to the central city of Ormoc, Leyte, and resulting in the deaths of over 5,100 people.

A natural disaster that involves the rapid movement of a large mass of rock, soil, or debris down a slope, often triggered by heavy rainfall, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions.

A tragic landslide that occurred in February 2006 in Guinsaugon, Leyte, burying a village and resulting in the loss of 1,126 lives.

Events caused primarily by human actions, such as accidents, environmental pollution, or technological failures, that lead to significant harm to people and property.

A natural event that involves the sudden release of energy from the Earth’s crust, causing ground shaking and sometimes tsunamis.

A powerful natural phenomenon characterized by high-speed winds, heavy rainfall, storm surges, and widespread damage, often forming over warm ocean waters.

A type of natural hazard that involves the eruption of molten rock, ash, and gases from a volcano, often causing damage to surrounding areas and posing risks to human life.

A sudden and intense feeling of anger, often triggered by minor events like noise or lack of basic necessities.

Feeling guilty about surviving a disaster, especially if a loved one was lost.

Dissatisfaction with the support received from family, friends, neighbors, or the government after a disaster.

Feeling resentful towards those who survived or were unaffected by the disaster.

Physical symptoms like headaches, fever, cough, changes in appetite, poor sleep, and constipation.

Loss of interest in activities that used to be enjoyable, like hobbies, work, playing with toys, or games.

Families coming together to support each other, even if they had past disagreements.

Expanding circle of friends due to shared experiences and mutual support after a disaster.

The loss of a family member's income source due to a disaster.

Damage to infrastructure like roads, bridges, and buildings, caused by a disaster, which requires government funds for repair.

A reduction in tourist visits to an area due to damage caused by a disaster.

The loss of agricultural products like rice, vegetables, and fruits due to a disaster, leading to shortages.

Damage caused by a disaster to properties in urban areas, leading to job losses and income reduction.

The loss of livelihoods, such as poultry farms being destroyed by floods or disease outbreaks, due to a disaster.

Disasters can cause psychological distress, including anxiety, depression, and PTSD.

The loss of human life resulting from a disaster.