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Questions and Answers
What does alienation refer to?
What does alienation refer to?
Work and work place are separated from one's social essence.
What is multilinear evolution?
What is multilinear evolution?
Used to explain common characteristics of widely separated cultures developed under similar ecological circumstances.
What does unilinear evolution propose?
What does unilinear evolution propose?
A theory held by anthropologists that attempts to place particular cultures into specific evolutionary stages.
Define Social Darwinism.
Define Social Darwinism.
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What is racism?
What is racism?
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What is biological determinism?
What is biological determinism?
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What does eugenics study?
What does eugenics study?
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Who is Lewis Henry Morgan?
Who is Lewis Henry Morgan?
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Who was Karl Marx?
Who was Karl Marx?
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What contributions did Edward Burnett Tylor make?
What contributions did Edward Burnett Tylor make?
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Who is Franz Boas?
Who is Franz Boas?
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What is Julian Steward known for?
What is Julian Steward known for?
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What did Leslie White contribute to anthropology?
What did Leslie White contribute to anthropology?
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Who is Marvin Harris?
Who is Marvin Harris?
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Study Notes
Key Concepts and Terms
- Alienation: Separation of work and workplace from one’s social essence.
- Multilinear Evolution: Describes how different cultures develop similar characteristics under similar ecological conditions, despite being geographically separated.
- Unilinear Evolution: A theory by anthropologists like Tylor and Morgan suggesting cultures progress through distinct evolutionary stages.
- Social Darwinism: Ideology that posits only the fittest individuals thrive in political and economic struggles, often justifying inequality.
- Racism: Extreme prejudice that claims superiority of one ethnic group over others, fostering discrimination.
- Biological Determinism: Explains social phenomena as outcomes of physical characteristics, simplifying complex social dynamics.
- Eugenics: The study aimed at improving human hereditary qualities through selective reproduction and intervention.
Important Anthropologists
- Lewis Henry Morgan: Early anthropologist who identified three stages of human development: savagery, barbarism, and civilization, with technological revolutions as key transitions.
- Karl Marx: Influential 19th-century thinker who analyzed history, ultimately predicting that communism would supplant capitalism, advocating for a classless society.
- Edward Burnett Tylor: Known as the father of ethnology; argued that cultures, like natural phenomena, can be systematically studied.
- Franz Boas: Recognized as the father of modern American anthropology; championed cultural relativism, emphasizing the importance of understanding cultures within their own context.
- Julian Steward: Known as the father of cultural ecology; advanced the concept of multilinear evolution.
- Leslie White: Author of "The Symbol: The Origin and Basis of Human Behavior"; proposed a revised model of cultural evolution.
- Marvin Harris: Developed Cultural Materialism, heavily influenced by Marx; focuses on practical issues influencing culture and society.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts related to unilinear evolution and its related theories with these flashcards. Explore terms such as alienation, multilinear evolution, and unilinear evolution explained by anthropologists. Perfect for students of anthropology and social sciences.
