Uniform Circular Motion
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of an object moving in a circle at a constant speed?

  • Constant velocity and constant acceleration
  • Constant force but changing direction
  • Constant acceleration but changing speed
  • Constant speed but changing velocity (correct)

    • What is the direction of an object's velocity at every point while moving in a circle?

  • Perpendicular to the circle
  • Parallel to the circle
  • Radial to the circle
  • Tangent to the circle (correct)

    • What is required to maintain uniform circular motion?

  • Tangential force and centripetal acceleration
  • Radial force and radial acceleration
  • Centripetal force and tangential acceleration
  • Centripetal force and centripetal acceleration (correct)

    • What is the path of a projectile under the influence of gravity?

    <p>Parabolic path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the horizontal and vertical components of a projectile's motion?

    <p>Independent of each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of an applied force?

    <p>It is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of force is gravitational force?

    <p>Non-contact force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result when only balanced forces act on an object?

    <p>The object is in equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using the equations for horizontal and vertical velocity components?

    <p>To separate the velocity of an object into horizontal and vertical components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the net force acting on an object and its acceleration?

    <p>The net force is equal to the acceleration multiplied by the mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the net force when friction is not negligible and the mass is kept constant?

    <p>The net force is reduced by the negative effects of friction force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of graphs can be used to describe the motion of an object moving at a constant velocity?

    <p>Position-time and velocity-time graphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acceleration in the y-direction for an object undergoing projectile motion?

    <p>9.8 m/s^2 downward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why objects come to rest on their own in everyday life?

    <p>Because of friction, which is an unbalanced force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between speed and velocity?

    <p>Speed is a scalar, velocity is a vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate of change of velocity of an object?

    <p>Acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of acceleration?

    <p>distance / time^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of air resistance on a falling object?

    <p>It decreases the rate of acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental principle behind Newton's third law of motion?

    <p>For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an object reaches its terminal velocity?

    <p>It experiences zero acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the buoyant force equal to, according to Archimedes' principle?

    <p>The weight of the fluid displaced by the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific gravity of an object that remains at the same depth in water?

    <p>Equal to 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total momentum of a system before and after a collision, according to the law of conservation of momentum?

    <p>The same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of work in physics?

    <p>Joule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an object with more mass and more velocity?

    <p>It gains momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the resultant work when the vectors are in opposite directions?

    <p>Negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for energy?

    <p>Joule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy possessed by an object due to its position?

    <p>Potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law that states that energy is never created nor destroyed, but rather transformed?

    <p>Law of Conservation of Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of drawing a free body diagram?

    <p>To determine the direction of each vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why the cork moved further than the car when they were both hit with the same force?

    <p>The car had a larger mass than the cork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the mass of an object and its acceleration?

    <p>Mass is inversely proportional to acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the normal force and the weight of an object?

    <p>The normal force is a contact force, while the weight is a field force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of friction in our daily lives?

    <p>To resist the relative motion of two materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of kinetic friction?

    <p>It occurs when objects are moving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental principle of the First Law of Thermodynamics?

    <p>Energy can neither be created nor destroyed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a pulley system?

    <p>To change the direction of the force applied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mathematical formula for the conservation of mechanical energy?

    <p>E = KE + PE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to mechanical energy when a ball is dropped from a tall building?

    <p>It is converted from potential energy to kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a conservative force in mechanics?

    <p>It conserves mechanical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of centripetal force in uniform circular motion?

    <p>To prevent the object from moving in a straight line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the trajectory of a projectile under the influence of gravity?

    <p>Parabolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the horizontal and vertical components of a projectile's motion?

    <p>They are independent of each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of centripetal acceleration?

    <p>m/s^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation used to solve for centripetal force?

    <p>F = mv^2/r</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does an object come to rest in everyday life?

    <p>Because of an unbalanced force, such as friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of an object moving at a constant velocity?

    <p>It maintains a constant speed and direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the equations for horizontal and vertical velocity components?

    <p>To determine the velocity of an object when it is at an angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between speed and velocity?

    <p>Speed is the distance traveled in a given time, while velocity is the direction of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the graphs used to describe the motion of an object moving at a constant velocity?

    <p>They are linear graphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between acceleration and force?

    <p>Acceleration is proportional to force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an object's velocity when it is in free fall?

    <p>It increases by 9.8 m/s every second.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of an applied force?

    <p>It has both magnitude and direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of balanced forces acting on an object?

    <p>The object remains in equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of air resistance on a falling object's acceleration?

    <p>It decreases the acceleration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental principle behind Newton's third law of motion?

    <p>For every action force, there is an equal but opposite reaction force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the mass of an object and its acceleration, according to Newton's second law of motion?

    <p>The acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of friction on the net force applied to an object, when the mass is kept constant?

    <p>The net force decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of acceleration?

    <p>Distance/time^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using free-body diagrams in physics?

    <p>To represent the forces acting on an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental principle of the law of conservation of energy?

    <p>Energy can be transformed, but never created or destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy in a macroscopic system?

    <p>Mechanical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a pulley system?

    <p>To change the direction of the force and/or increase the magnitude of the force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the conservation of mechanical energy?

    <p>E = KE + PE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to mechanical energy when a ball is dropped from a tall building?

    <p>It changes from potential energy to kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why action and reaction forces don't cancel each other out?

    <p>Because they act on separate objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the magnitude of the normal force on an object?

    <p>The position of the surface supporting the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of friction in our daily lives?

    <p>To hold objects in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between mass and acceleration?

    <p>Mass is inversely proportional to acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of friction occurs when objects are moving?

    <p>Kinetic friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Archimedes' principle in finding the buoyant force?

    <p>To equal the weight of water displaced by the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an object's specific gravity being greater than 1?

    <p>The object will sink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the quantity of motion of an object?

    <p>Momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of work in physics?

    <p>Joules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an object's buoyant force being equal to its weight?

    <p>The object will remain at the same depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the work done on an object when the force is perpendicular to the object's motion?

    <p>The work is zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law that states that energy is never created nor destroyed, but rather transformed?

    <p>The Law of Conservation of Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy possessed by an object due to its position?

    <p>Potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of drawing a free body diagram?

    <p>To help in knowing the direction of each vector and in assessing the angle between the vectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the work done on an object and its kinetic energy?

    <p>The work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Uniform Circular Motion

    • An object moving in a circle at a constant speed has uniform circular motion. • Although the object has a constant speed, its velocity constantly changes due to the change in direction. • At every point, the object's velocity is tangent to the circle. • To maintain uniform circular motion, an object requires a centripetal force (inward-directed force) and centripetal acceleration. • The centripetal acceleration can be calculated using the equation, measured in m/s^2.

    Projectile Motion

    • A projectile is an object launched with an initial velocity, following a parabolic path under gravity, assuming negligible air resistance. • The motion can be described using kinematic equations to determine variables such as final velocity, maximum height, and range. • The horizontal and vertical components of motion are independent and need to be analyzed separately. • The equations of motion can be used to solve projectile motion problems.

    Force and Acceleration

    • A force can be felt as a push or pull on an object. • Applied forces can change the state of rest or motion of an object, its direction of motion, or its shape and size. • Forces are vector quantities with both magnitude and direction. • Forces can be divided into contact forces (frictional, tension, spring force) and non-contact forces (gravity, electrostatic, magnetic).

    Newton's Laws of Motion

    • Newton's First Law: objects at rest remain at rest, objects in motion remain in motion, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. • Newton's Second Law: F = ma, where F is the net force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration. • Newton's Third Law: for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.

    Acceleration

    • Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object. • Acceleration is associated with force, and increases with increasing force, and decreases with increasing mass. • When an object falls, air resistance decreases the rate of acceleration, and the object reaches terminal velocity.

    Normal Force

    • Normal force is a contact force that counteracts the weight of an object, stopping it from falling. • Normal force is not an action-reaction pair with weight, as they have different directions and magnitudes. • The magnitude of the normal force depends on the position of the surface supporting the object.

    Friction

    • Friction is a force that resists the relative motion of two materials against each other. • There are different types of friction, including dry friction (static and kinetic) and air resistance. • Friction depends on the materials involved, their size, surface, acceleration, and direction.

    Buoyancy

    • Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object, equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. • Archimedes' principle can be used to derive the buoyancy formula: Fb = pgV. • The buoyant force can be used to determine whether an object floats, sinks, or remains at the same depth in a fluid.

    Momentum

    • Linear momentum (p) of a mass moving at a velocity (v) is p = mv. • Total momentum of a system is the sum of all individual momenta. • Newton's second law is the time rate of change of the momentum. • The impulse-momentum theorem relates momentum to force and time.### Momentum

    • Momentum is a quantity of motion equal to the product of the mass and velocity of an object.
    • An object with more mass or velocity has more momentum.
    • Conservation of momentum states that momentum is neither created nor destroyed, but only moves from one place to another.
    • The equation for conservation of momentum is: (m1v1 + m2v2) before = (m1v1 + m2v2) after.

    Work

    • Work is a quantitative term in physics, defined as the dot product of two vectors, force and displacement.
    • Work has the units of Joules (J), which is equal to Newtons-meter (Nm).
    • Work is a scalar quantity, meaning it doesn't depend on the direction.
    • Work can be positive, negative, or zero depending on the direction of the vectors and the angle between them.

    Energy

    • Energy is defined as the ability to do work or cause change.
    • Energy is typically measured in units of Joules (J), but can be converted to other units.
    • Energy can be classified as kinetic energy (energy in motion) or potential energy (stored energy).
    • The law of conservation of energy states that energy is never created nor destroyed, but rather transformed as it moves through a system.

    Work-Energy Theorem

    • The work-energy theorem states that the total amount of work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.
    • Kinetic energy is energy in motion, while potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position.
    • An increase in energy means that positive work is done, and a decrease in energy means that negative work is done.

    Law of Conservation of Energy

    • The law of conservation of energy is a fundamental concept of science, stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
    • The law is applied in various branches of physics and engineering, including thermodynamics.
    • The First Law of Thermodynamics is an extension of the Law of Conservation of Energy.

    Mechanical Energy

    • Mechanical energy is the sum total of energy within a macroscopic system, including both potential and kinetic energy.
    • Mechanical potential energy is stored energy, relative to an opposing force.
    • Kinetic mechanical energy depends on the velocity and mass of the object that is moving.
    • The law of conservation of energy states that energy can be transformed, but never created or destroyed.

    Pulley Systems

    • The four types of pulley systems include fixed, moveable, compound, and complex.
    • Each type of pulley system serves a distinct purpose in affecting the input force needed to lift or lower an object.
    • The law of conservation of energy applies in pulley systems, where energy is neither created nor destroyed.

    Conservation of Mechanical Energy

    • The law of conservation of mechanical energy states that, for a closed system free from dissipative forces, energy is conserved.
    • The conservation of mechanical energy formula is: ΔE = 0, where ΔE is the change in mechanical energy.
    • Mechanical energy can change forms, but is conserved for a conservative force, such as gravity, but not for a nonconservative force, such as friction.

    Uniform Circular Motion

    • An object moving in a circle at a constant speed has uniform circular motion. • Although the object has a constant speed, its velocity constantly changes due to the change in direction. • At every point, the object's velocity is tangent to the circle. • To maintain uniform circular motion, an object requires a centripetal force (inward-directed force) and centripetal acceleration. • The centripetal acceleration can be calculated using the equation, measured in m/s^2.

    Projectile Motion

    • A projectile is an object launched with an initial velocity, following a parabolic path under gravity, assuming negligible air resistance. • The motion can be described using kinematic equations to determine variables such as final velocity, maximum height, and range. • The horizontal and vertical components of motion are independent and need to be analyzed separately. • The equations of motion can be used to solve projectile motion problems.

    Force and Acceleration

    • A force can be felt as a push or pull on an object. • Applied forces can change the state of rest or motion of an object, its direction of motion, or its shape and size. • Forces are vector quantities with both magnitude and direction. • Forces can be divided into contact forces (frictional, tension, spring force) and non-contact forces (gravity, electrostatic, magnetic).

    Newton's Laws of Motion

    • Newton's First Law: objects at rest remain at rest, objects in motion remain in motion, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. • Newton's Second Law: F = ma, where F is the net force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration. • Newton's Third Law: for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.

    Acceleration

    • Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object. • Acceleration is associated with force, and increases with increasing force, and decreases with increasing mass. • When an object falls, air resistance decreases the rate of acceleration, and the object reaches terminal velocity.

    Normal Force

    • Normal force is a contact force that counteracts the weight of an object, stopping it from falling. • Normal force is not an action-reaction pair with weight, as they have different directions and magnitudes. • The magnitude of the normal force depends on the position of the surface supporting the object.

    Friction

    • Friction is a force that resists the relative motion of two materials against each other. • There are different types of friction, including dry friction (static and kinetic) and air resistance. • Friction depends on the materials involved, their size, surface, acceleration, and direction.

    Buoyancy

    • Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object, equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. • Archimedes' principle can be used to derive the buoyancy formula: Fb = pgV. • The buoyant force can be used to determine whether an object floats, sinks, or remains at the same depth in a fluid.

    Momentum

    • Linear momentum (p) of a mass moving at a velocity (v) is p = mv. • Total momentum of a system is the sum of all individual momenta. • Newton's second law is the time rate of change of the momentum. • The impulse-momentum theorem relates momentum to force and time.### Momentum

    • Momentum is a quantity of motion equal to the product of the mass and velocity of an object.
    • An object with more mass or velocity has more momentum.
    • Conservation of momentum states that momentum is neither created nor destroyed, but only moves from one place to another.
    • The equation for conservation of momentum is: (m1v1 + m2v2) before = (m1v1 + m2v2) after.

    Work

    • Work is a quantitative term in physics, defined as the dot product of two vectors, force and displacement.
    • Work has the units of Joules (J), which is equal to Newtons-meter (Nm).
    • Work is a scalar quantity, meaning it doesn't depend on the direction.
    • Work can be positive, negative, or zero depending on the direction of the vectors and the angle between them.

    Energy

    • Energy is defined as the ability to do work or cause change.
    • Energy is typically measured in units of Joules (J), but can be converted to other units.
    • Energy can be classified as kinetic energy (energy in motion) or potential energy (stored energy).
    • The law of conservation of energy states that energy is never created nor destroyed, but rather transformed as it moves through a system.

    Work-Energy Theorem

    • The work-energy theorem states that the total amount of work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.
    • Kinetic energy is energy in motion, while potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position.
    • An increase in energy means that positive work is done, and a decrease in energy means that negative work is done.

    Law of Conservation of Energy

    • The law of conservation of energy is a fundamental concept of science, stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
    • The law is applied in various branches of physics and engineering, including thermodynamics.
    • The First Law of Thermodynamics is an extension of the Law of Conservation of Energy.

    Mechanical Energy

    • Mechanical energy is the sum total of energy within a macroscopic system, including both potential and kinetic energy.
    • Mechanical potential energy is stored energy, relative to an opposing force.
    • Kinetic mechanical energy depends on the velocity and mass of the object that is moving.
    • The law of conservation of energy states that energy can be transformed, but never created or destroyed.

    Pulley Systems

    • The four types of pulley systems include fixed, moveable, compound, and complex.
    • Each type of pulley system serves a distinct purpose in affecting the input force needed to lift or lower an object.
    • The law of conservation of energy applies in pulley systems, where energy is neither created nor destroyed.

    Conservation of Mechanical Energy

    • The law of conservation of mechanical energy states that, for a closed system free from dissipative forces, energy is conserved.
    • The conservation of mechanical energy formula is: ΔE = 0, where ΔE is the change in mechanical energy.
    • Mechanical energy can change forms, but is conserved for a conservative force, such as gravity, but not for a nonconservative force, such as friction.

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    Learn about uniform circular motion, its characteristics, and the forces involved. Understand how velocity and direction change in circular motion.

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