Uniform Circular Motion

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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of an object moving in a circle at a constant speed?

Constant velocity and constant acceleration

Constant force but changing direction

Constant acceleration but changing speed

Constant speed but changing velocity (correct)

What is the direction of an object's velocity at every point while moving in a circle?

Perpendicular to the circle

Parallel to the circle

Radial to the circle

Tangent to the circle (correct)

What is required to maintain uniform circular motion?

Tangential force and centripetal acceleration

Radial force and radial acceleration

Centripetal force and tangential acceleration

Centripetal force and centripetal acceleration (correct)

What is the path of a projectile under the influence of gravity?

Parabolic path Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the horizontal and vertical components of a projectile's motion?

Independent of each other Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of an applied force?

It is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction Signup and view all the answers

What type of force is gravitational force?

Non-contact force Signup and view all the answers

What is the result when only balanced forces act on an object?

The object is in equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using the equations for horizontal and vertical velocity components?

To separate the velocity of an object into horizontal and vertical components Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the net force acting on an object and its acceleration?

The net force is equal to the acceleration multiplied by the mass Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the net force when friction is not negligible and the mass is kept constant?

The net force is reduced by the negative effects of friction force Signup and view all the answers

What type of graphs can be used to describe the motion of an object moving at a constant velocity?

Position-time and velocity-time graphs Signup and view all the answers

What is the acceleration in the y-direction for an object undergoing projectile motion?

9.8 m/s^2 downward Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why objects come to rest on their own in everyday life?

Because of friction, which is an unbalanced force Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

Speed is a scalar, velocity is a vector Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of change of velocity of an object?

Acceleration Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of acceleration?

distance / time^2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of air resistance on a falling object?

It decreases the rate of acceleration Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental principle behind Newton's third law of motion?

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an object reaches its terminal velocity?

It experiences zero acceleration Signup and view all the answers

What is the buoyant force equal to, according to Archimedes' principle?

The weight of the fluid displaced by the object Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific gravity of an object that remains at the same depth in water?

Equal to 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the total momentum of a system before and after a collision, according to the law of conservation of momentum?

The same Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of work in physics?

Joule Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an object with more mass and more velocity?

It gains momentum Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the resultant work when the vectors are in opposite directions?

Negative Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for energy?

Joule Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy possessed by an object due to its position?

Potential energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the law that states that energy is never created nor destroyed, but rather transformed?

Law of Conservation of Energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of drawing a free body diagram?

To determine the direction of each vector Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why the cork moved further than the car when they were both hit with the same force?

The car had a larger mass than the cork Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the mass of an object and its acceleration?

Mass is inversely proportional to acceleration Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the normal force and the weight of an object?

The normal force is a contact force, while the weight is a field force Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of friction in our daily lives?

To resist the relative motion of two materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of kinetic friction?

It occurs when objects are moving Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental principle of the First Law of Thermodynamics?

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a pulley system?

To change the direction of the force applied Signup and view all the answers

What is the mathematical formula for the conservation of mechanical energy?

E = KE + PE Signup and view all the answers

What happens to mechanical energy when a ball is dropped from a tall building?

It is converted from potential energy to kinetic energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a conservative force in mechanics?

It conserves mechanical energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of centripetal force in uniform circular motion?

To prevent the object from moving in a straight line Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the trajectory of a projectile under the influence of gravity?

Parabolic Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the horizontal and vertical components of a projectile's motion?

They are independent of each other Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of centripetal acceleration?

m/s^2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation used to solve for centripetal force?

F = mv^2/r Signup and view all the answers

When does an object come to rest in everyday life?

Because of an unbalanced force, such as friction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of an object moving at a constant velocity?

It maintains a constant speed and direction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the equations for horizontal and vertical velocity components?

To determine the velocity of an object when it is at an angle Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

Speed is the distance traveled in a given time, while velocity is the direction of motion Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the graphs used to describe the motion of an object moving at a constant velocity?

They are linear graphs Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between acceleration and force?

Acceleration is proportional to force. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an object's velocity when it is in free fall?

It increases by 9.8 m/s every second. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of an applied force?

It has both magnitude and direction Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of balanced forces acting on an object?

The object remains in equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of air resistance on a falling object's acceleration?

It decreases the acceleration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental principle behind Newton's third law of motion?

For every action force, there is an equal but opposite reaction force. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the mass of an object and its acceleration, according to Newton's second law of motion?

The acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of friction on the net force applied to an object, when the mass is kept constant?

The net force decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of acceleration?

Distance/time^2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using free-body diagrams in physics?

To represent the forces acting on an object Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental principle of the law of conservation of energy?

Energy can be transformed, but never created or destroyed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy in a macroscopic system?

Mechanical energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a pulley system?

To change the direction of the force and/or increase the magnitude of the force Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the conservation of mechanical energy?

E = KE + PE Signup and view all the answers

What happens to mechanical energy when a ball is dropped from a tall building?

It changes from potential energy to kinetic energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why action and reaction forces don't cancel each other out?

Because they act on separate objects Signup and view all the answers

What determines the magnitude of the normal force on an object?

The position of the surface supporting the object Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of friction in our daily lives?

To hold objects in place Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between mass and acceleration?

Mass is inversely proportional to acceleration Signup and view all the answers

What type of friction occurs when objects are moving?

Kinetic friction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Archimedes' principle in finding the buoyant force?

To equal the weight of water displaced by the object Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an object's specific gravity being greater than 1?

The object will sink Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the quantity of motion of an object?

Momentum Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of work in physics?

Joules Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an object's buoyant force being equal to its weight?

The object will remain at the same depth Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the work done on an object when the force is perpendicular to the object's motion?

The work is zero Signup and view all the answers

What is the law that states that energy is never created nor destroyed, but rather transformed?

The Law of Conservation of Energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy possessed by an object due to its position?

Potential energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of drawing a free body diagram?

To help in knowing the direction of each vector and in assessing the angle between the vectors Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the work done on an object and its kinetic energy?

The work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Uniform Circular Motion

• An object moving in a circle at a constant speed has uniform circular motion. • Although the object has a constant speed, its velocity constantly changes due to the change in direction. • At every point, the object's velocity is tangent to the circle. • To maintain uniform circular motion, an object requires a centripetal force (inward-directed force) and centripetal acceleration. • The centripetal acceleration can be calculated using the equation, measured in m/s^2.

Projectile Motion

• A projectile is an object launched with an initial velocity, following a parabolic path under gravity, assuming negligible air resistance. • The motion can be described using kinematic equations to determine variables such as final velocity, maximum height, and range. • The horizontal and vertical components of motion are independent and need to be analyzed separately. • The equations of motion can be used to solve projectile motion problems.

Force and Acceleration

• A force can be felt as a push or pull on an object. • Applied forces can change the state of rest or motion of an object, its direction of motion, or its shape and size. • Forces are vector quantities with both magnitude and direction. • Forces can be divided into contact forces (frictional, tension, spring force) and non-contact forces (gravity, electrostatic, magnetic).

Newton's Laws of Motion

• Newton's First Law: objects at rest remain at rest, objects in motion remain in motion, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. • Newton's Second Law: F = ma, where F is the net force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration. • Newton's Third Law: for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.

Acceleration

• Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object. • Acceleration is associated with force, and increases with increasing force, and decreases with increasing mass. • When an object falls, air resistance decreases the rate of acceleration, and the object reaches terminal velocity.

Normal Force

• Normal force is a contact force that counteracts the weight of an object, stopping it from falling. • Normal force is not an action-reaction pair with weight, as they have different directions and magnitudes. • The magnitude of the normal force depends on the position of the surface supporting the object.

Friction

• Friction is a force that resists the relative motion of two materials against each other. • There are different types of friction, including dry friction (static and kinetic) and air resistance. • Friction depends on the materials involved, their size, surface, acceleration, and direction.

Buoyancy

• Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object, equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. • Archimedes' principle can be used to derive the buoyancy formula: Fb = pgV. • The buoyant force can be used to determine whether an object floats, sinks, or remains at the same depth in a fluid.

Momentum

• Linear momentum (p) of a mass moving at a velocity (v) is p = mv. • Total momentum of a system is the sum of all individual momenta. • Newton's second law is the time rate of change of the momentum. • The impulse-momentum theorem relates momentum to force and time.### Momentum

Momentum is a quantity of motion equal to the product of the mass and velocity of an object.
An object with more mass or velocity has more momentum.
Conservation of momentum states that momentum is neither created nor destroyed, but only moves from one place to another.
The equation for conservation of momentum is: (m1v1 + m2v2) before = (m1v1 + m2v2) after.

Work

Work is a quantitative term in physics, defined as the dot product of two vectors, force and displacement.
Work has the units of Joules (J), which is equal to Newtons-meter (Nm).
Work is a scalar quantity, meaning it doesn't depend on the direction.
Work can be positive, negative, or zero depending on the direction of the vectors and the angle between them.

Energy

Energy is defined as the ability to do work or cause change.
Energy is typically measured in units of Joules (J), but can be converted to other units.
Energy can be classified as kinetic energy (energy in motion) or potential energy (stored energy).
The law of conservation of energy states that energy is never created nor destroyed, but rather transformed as it moves through a system.

Work-Energy Theorem

The work-energy theorem states that the total amount of work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy is energy in motion, while potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position.
An increase in energy means that positive work is done, and a decrease in energy means that negative work is done.

Law of Conservation of Energy

The law of conservation of energy is a fundamental concept of science, stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
The law is applied in various branches of physics and engineering, including thermodynamics.
The First Law of Thermodynamics is an extension of the Law of Conservation of Energy.

Mechanical Energy

Mechanical energy is the sum total of energy within a macroscopic system, including both potential and kinetic energy.
Mechanical potential energy is stored energy, relative to an opposing force.
Kinetic mechanical energy depends on the velocity and mass of the object that is moving.
The law of conservation of energy states that energy can be transformed, but never created or destroyed.

Pulley Systems

The four types of pulley systems include fixed, moveable, compound, and complex.
Each type of pulley system serves a distinct purpose in affecting the input force needed to lift or lower an object.
The law of conservation of energy applies in pulley systems, where energy is neither created nor destroyed.

Conservation of Mechanical Energy

The law of conservation of mechanical energy states that, for a closed system free from dissipative forces, energy is conserved.
The conservation of mechanical energy formula is: ΔE = 0, where ΔE is the change in mechanical energy.
Mechanical energy can change forms, but is conserved for a conservative force, such as gravity, but not for a nonconservative force, such as friction.

Uniform Circular Motion

Projectile Motion

Force and Acceleration

Newton's Laws of Motion

Acceleration

Normal Force

Friction

Buoyancy

Momentum

Momentum is a quantity of motion equal to the product of the mass and velocity of an object.
An object with more mass or velocity has more momentum.
Conservation of momentum states that momentum is neither created nor destroyed, but only moves from one place to another.
The equation for conservation of momentum is: (m1v1 + m2v2) before = (m1v1 + m2v2) after.

Work

Work is a quantitative term in physics, defined as the dot product of two vectors, force and displacement.
Work has the units of Joules (J), which is equal to Newtons-meter (Nm).
Work is a scalar quantity, meaning it doesn't depend on the direction.
Work can be positive, negative, or zero depending on the direction of the vectors and the angle between them.

Energy

Energy is defined as the ability to do work or cause change.
Energy is typically measured in units of Joules (J), but can be converted to other units.
Energy can be classified as kinetic energy (energy in motion) or potential energy (stored energy).
The law of conservation of energy states that energy is never created nor destroyed, but rather transformed as it moves through a system.

Work-Energy Theorem

The work-energy theorem states that the total amount of work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy is energy in motion, while potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position.
An increase in energy means that positive work is done, and a decrease in energy means that negative work is done.

Law of Conservation of Energy

The law of conservation of energy is a fundamental concept of science, stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
The law is applied in various branches of physics and engineering, including thermodynamics.
The First Law of Thermodynamics is an extension of the Law of Conservation of Energy.

Mechanical Energy

Mechanical energy is the sum total of energy within a macroscopic system, including both potential and kinetic energy.
Mechanical potential energy is stored energy, relative to an opposing force.
Kinetic mechanical energy depends on the velocity and mass of the object that is moving.
The law of conservation of energy states that energy can be transformed, but never created or destroyed.

Pulley Systems

The four types of pulley systems include fixed, moveable, compound, and complex.
Each type of pulley system serves a distinct purpose in affecting the input force needed to lift or lower an object.
The law of conservation of energy applies in pulley systems, where energy is neither created nor destroyed.

Conservation of Mechanical Energy

The law of conservation of mechanical energy states that, for a closed system free from dissipative forces, energy is conserved.
The conservation of mechanical energy formula is: ΔE = 0, where ΔE is the change in mechanical energy.
Mechanical energy can change forms, but is conserved for a conservative force, such as gravity, but not for a nonconservative force, such as friction.

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Description

Learn about uniform circular motion, its characteristics, and the forces involved. Understand how velocity and direction change in circular motion.