UNICEF and Sustainable Development Goals

United Nations Organizations

• UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund) helps children worldwide by collecting funds for emergency relief from famine, poverty, and diseases.

Sustainable Development Goals

• The SDGs cover various concerns for improving all aspects of life, addressing issues like climate change, disaster risk reduction, and gender equality.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

• UNEP addresses environmental issues such as pollution and hazardous waste.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

• IPCC efforts mitigate climate change through climate science assessment, facilitation of climate agreements, and assistance in reducing emissions.

International Court of Justice (ICJ)

• Located in the Netherlands, the ICJ allows countries to settle disputes through law and tries war criminals and rulers who have committed atrocities.

Human Rights Mechanisms

• UN-sponsored human rights treaties and agreements, such as OHCHR, UNDG-HRM, and Special Advisers, protect human rights.
• The International Bill of Human Rights consists of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights.

United Nations Security Council

• The UN Security Council, comprising 15 member countries, decides on actions when countries are at war or near conflict.

Criticisms and NATO

• The UN is criticized for being weak in preventing wars, leading to the rise of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization).
• NATO is a defensive military alliance founded on April 4, 1949, with 28 member countries, aiming to defend each other from potential communist threats.

NATO

• NATO is based on collective security, combining militaries to defend its members from external threats.
• The organization's headquarters is located in Brussels, Belgium, with Jens Stoltenberg as the current Secretary-General.