Undulant Fever Diagnosis and Symptoms

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What is the characteristic fever pattern of undulant fever?

Swinging fever (39°C to 41°C) that peaks in the evening and slowly returns to normal by morning

What is the gold standard for diagnosing brucellosis?

Bone marrow culture

What is the significance of agglutination tests in diagnosing brucellosis?

Agglutination tests are strongly positive in chronic brucellosis

What are the common complications of brucellosis in pregnancy?

Abortion, intra-uterine fetal death, premature delivery, and retention of placenta Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of blood culture in diagnosing brucellosis?

Blood culture is positive in 30-50% of cases, and negative results do not exclude the disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which Brucella resists phagocytosis?

Non-classical smooth LPS, which inhibits the fusion of lysosomal granules with the phagosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common route of Brucella infection in humans?

Direct contact of wounded skin with infected tissues or excretions Signup and view all the answers

What are the common clinical manifestations of brucellosis?

Chills, headache, limb and back pains, night sweating, fatigue, anorexia, weakness, loss of weight, depression, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary portal of entry for Brucella into the body?

Skin, conjunctiva, lungs, or GI tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Brucella melitensis infections?

Acute and severe clinical manifestations Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical incubation period for Brucella infections?

1-4 weeks (can be several months in some cases) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible complication of Brucella infection?

Osteomyelitis, meningitis, or cholecystitis Signup and view all the answers

How do Brucella bacteria survive and replicate within the host's macrophages and monocytes?

As facultative intracellular bacteria, Brucella can survive and replicate within the host's macrophages and monocytes. Signup and view all the answers

What are the laboratory diagnosis methods for Brucella infection?

Laboratory diagnosis of Brucella infection involves culture growth and identification of Brucella species. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of Brucellosis?

Contact with infected animals or animal products. Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical manifestations of Brucella infection in humans?

Systemic, febrile illness characterized by chronic infections and symptoms such as undulant fever and malta fever. Signup and view all the answers

How can Brucella infection be prevented?

Prevention involves avoiding contact with infected animals and animal products, pasteurizing dairy products, and proper disposal of contaminated materials. Signup and view all the answers

What are the complications of untreated Brucella infection?

Chronic infections, infertility, and abortion in animals, and chronic systemic illness in humans. Signup and view all the answers