Underwood's 10 Steps to Effective Listening Quiz

Effective Listening

• To listen effectively, look at the speaker's face and eyes, focus, and relax
• Be open-minded and listen to picture what the speaker is saying
• Don't speak while the person is talking
• Ask clarifying questions when the speaker pauses
• Ask relevant questions and put yourself in the speaker's place
• Give feedback and focus on nonverbal cues

Speaking

• Speaking is a complex cognitive and linguistic skill that involves words and sounds
• It involves meaning, sociality, relationship, and affect
• Functions of speaking include interaction, transaction, and performance
• Interaction is seen in social conversations, transaction happens when someone wants to convey a message, and performance is when an audience accepts the message spoken

Reading

• Reading is a multifaceted process involving word recognition, comprehension, fluency, and motivation
• It requires identifying words in print, constructing an understanding from them, and coordinating identifying words and making meaning
• Categories of reading include oral reading, silent reading, intensive reading, and extensive reading
• Oral reading improves word identification, corrects and detects errors, and improves proper pronunciation
• Extensive reading includes reading for pleasure or reading technical, scientific, or professional material

Writing

• Writing is a macro skill that entails control of language variables
• Good writing skills increase the chances of a person's success
• Steps for writing include deciding the topic, researching and collecting information, outlining and planning, starting writing, reviewing, editing, and formatting

Language, Macro Skills, and Communicative Competence

• Language is primarily a human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires through a system of voluntarily produced symbols
• Language goes beyond just describing real situations, aiming to form the components of culture
• Language in its widest sense means the total of signs of our thoughts and feelings as capable of external perception and as could be produced and repeated at will
• The word language comes from the Latin term "lingua," meaning tongue, and the French term "langue"
• Language is associated with human vocal and auditory means of expressing ideas and feelings

Macro Skills

• As future language teachers, we need to facilitate the development of 5 Macro Skills: Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing, and Viewing
• These are essential for communication
• Humans develop the skill to communicate by listening, speaking, reading, writing, and viewing

Listening

• Listening is a prerequisite to understanding
• It is the skill of grasping and decoding information during the exchange of messages
• Listening is the beginning of understanding and a valuable key to effective communication